International Journal of Pediatrics

The best recognized intestinal manifestation of food allergy is food allergic (food-sensitive) enteropathy. The feature of enteropathy may include lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, ... Read More The best recognized intestinal manifestation of food allergy is food allergic (food-sensitive) enteropathy. The feature of enteropathy may include lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, epithelial abnormality, or crypt hyperplastic villous atrophy, and impairing absorption, enterophaty continues while the food remains in the diet, remitting on an exclusion diet, and usually recurring on food challenge. Diagnosis is now usually based on histological features at initial biopsy and clinical response to antigen exclusion and challenge. Clinical findings in food allergic enteropathy include abdominal distension, loose stools, micronutrient deficiency, and rarely protein-losing enteropathy. There may be other features of allergic disease, most commonly eczema unlike coeliac disease, food allergic enteropathies are usually transient in early life, and later challenge is usually tolerated. Cow’s milk-sensitive enteropathy (CMSE) was the first recognized food allergic enteropathy and remains the most common cause. The best-characterized syndrome is CMSE, classically presenting with chronic loose stools and failure to thrive, often beginning after an episode of gastroenteritis in a formula-fed infant. Other clinical features include abdominal distension, perianal erythema or napkin rash (due to malabsorbed dietary carbohydrates), and deratographia. Associated clinical features may include colic, gastroesophageal reflux, rectal bleeding, or eczema. There may be evidence of micronutrient deficiency, notably for iron and zinc. Up to 40% of infants with classic CMSE also sensitize to soy, often after an initial period when it is tolerated. The great majority however settle on extensively hydrolyzed formulate. Classic CMSE is usually self-limiting, with most children tolerating reintroduction at the age of 2 to 3 years. By contrast, some children may have persistent low-grade symptoms for a prolonged period. A proportion of children manifest additional immediate reactions to food antigens, such as rash, urticaria, angioedema, or anaphylaxis. However, many children suffer enteropathy without immediate reactions, and it is important to recognize that food allergic entropathy often occurs in the absence of systemic signs of food allergy. Thus, skin prick tests may be negative and specific IgE undetectable. Review of growth records in classic CMSE often shows a period of good weight gain prior to the onset of symptoms, followed by downward drift against the centiles until antigen exclusion is adequate. This presentation probably represents the loss of initially established oral tolerance.

Iron and Multivitamin Supplements in Children and its Association with Growth rate

M Saeidi; R Vakili; A Khakshour; H Taghizadeh Moghaddam; MA Kiani

Volume 2, Issue 2.1 , April 2014, , Pages 21-21

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.2475

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are common nutritional problems, at least in children under 5. These materials shortage, especially in the first two years ... Read More Introduction: Vitamin deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are common nutritional problems, at least in children under 5. These materials shortage, especially in the first two years of life, impair physical and brain growth, reduces the child's learning ability, reduces body resistance against infections, behavioral changes, apathy and finally social and economic adverse consequences would be followed. This study aimed to determine the supplements used in children under two years and its Association with Growth rate in Mashhad City. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 300 children 6 to 24 months were recruited in health centers in Mashhad, Data was collected from mother and and children’ records and valid and reliable questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by statistical tests and SPSS 11.5 and P Results: Results showed that 13.7 percent of families were with low income, 82.7 percent middle income and 3.7 percent well income. In growth chart, 86.7 percent of children showed appropriate growth, 10.3 percent had delayed growth and 3 percent had horizontal growth curve .In 80.7 percent of families, maternal multivitamin and iron drops have been used to their children regularly, 1.7 percent did not believe in these supplements and 17.7 percent of mothers sometimes used these supplements for their children. Results also showed statistical correlation significant variables of parental education, family income, mothers referred to health centers for monitoring the growth and get face to face training of personnel center drops of multivitamin with iron and growth status of children variable is available, so children who regularly have used supplements and income level and above are literate parents have grown more favorable than the other kids (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the importance of iron and multivitamin use in children under two years, necessary training must be provided to mothers in this field by health centers personnel. Meanwhile, it is recommended that the authorities must distribute periodical and enough drops to health centers. Keywords:Children, Iron, Multivitamin, Growth rate, Supplements.

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Clinical Protests Food Allergy in Children

Abstract

Iron and Multivitamin Supplements in Children and its Association with Growth rate

Abstract