eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7271
7273
10.22038/ijp.2018.29395.2616
10320
Use of Foley Catheter Instead of Digital Rectal Examination for Detection of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Infants and Children
Nazish Baig
1
Manoochehr Karjoo
karjoom@upstate.edu
2
Mirza B. Beg
3
Sara Karjoo
4
1Pediatric Gastroenterology, Golisano Children Hospital, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
Professor, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Golisano Children Hospital, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
Associate Professor, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Golisano Children Hospital, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
Assistant Professor, Pediatric Gastroenterology, John Hopkin’s University, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA.
A digital rectal examination is a highly important procedure carried out on infants and children during visits to the gastroenterology clinic, but is often accompanied with physiologic and psychologic trauma in patients, along with being diagnostically inaccurate in the results obtained from it. In order to avoid causing discomfort to the patients, and to improve the accuracy of the results obtained from a DRE, we have articulated a much safer and more precise method of conducting the examination. The use of a 16 French Foley Catheter in the collection of stool samples during a DRE has proved to be an innovative technique, which eliminates discomfort in patients, provides a less stressful environment for both the physician and the family of the patient, along with providing unambiguous results for the FOBT. The use of this technique will not only produce accurate results, but will also eliminate reasons to avoid such an important examination due to the uncomfortable situation a normal DRE would cause.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10320_f14b6c1e74dbc5d96f1ee7390677432a.pdf
Children
Digital Rectal Examination
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Infants
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7275
7276
10.22038/ijp.2018.29625.2597
10319
Cough Syrup Use in Infants, A Dangerous Practice
Yamna Waseem
yamna_wr@hotmail.com
1
Muhammad Naseeb
wahdan1996@gmail.com
2
Mohammad Hamza
hamza199299@hotmail.com
3
Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Sleep disturbance is a very common finding in patients with persistent cough1. This is especially apparent in infants with common cold or influenza and the continuous crying can lead to considerable distress for the parents. Cough syrups which are easily available as over the counter medications can induce sleep, and many parents turn to this medication when their infant is suffering from persistent cough.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10319_8f3f2826ce11fdcd55477980f26e9b4e.pdf
flu
Children
medicine
Sleep
antitussive
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7277
7284
10.22038/ijp.2017.25219.2141
9907
Identification of Dermatoglyphic Patterns in Parents of Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Hamid Reza Kianifar
kianifarhr@mums.ac.ir
1
Atefeh Ezzati
arc@mums.ac.ir
2
Seyed Ali Jafari
jafaria@mums.ac.ir
3
Mohammad Ali Kiani
kianima@mums.ac.ir
4
Hamid Ahanchian
ahanchianh@mums.ac.ir
5
Hasan Karami
dr_hkarami87@yahoo.com
6
Ezzat Khodashenas
khodashenase@mums.ac.ir
7
Arezoo Jahanbin
jahanbina@mums.ac.ir
8
Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Clinical Research Development Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Allergist and Immunologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Background Dermatoglyphics could assist in the diagnosis of congenital abnormalities. The aim of this study was to identify the dermatoglyphic patterns (finger print pattern type, total ridge count of each finger, a-b ridge count, and articulotrochanteric distance [ATD angles]) in the parents of cystic fibrosis children. Materials and Methods We recruited 75 parents of children with cystic fibrosis for the study group and 341 parents for the control group. We recorded finger print pattern type, total ridge count (TRC), a-b ridge count, and ATD angles of all participants. Then we identified any asymmetry between the right and left hands of each person and characteristics of parents in two genders. Chi-square analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher's exact test were used for data analysis. Results We observed significant differences in a-b ridge count on the right hand (P=0.02), and mean total ridge count on the right digit I (P=0.05), right digit IV (P=0.03), and right digit V in the fathers of children with cystic fibrosis compared to the control group(P=0.02). Conclusion According to the results, we suggest that the dermatoglyphic traits of parents could be used as a simple, appropriate, and supplementary screening method in the diagnosis of children with CF. Nevertheless, we need lager studies to precisely confirm that dermatoglyphics is a reliable method in the diagnosis of CF.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9907_aa3e9982887840da0bb1c4daa414bacc.pdf
Dermatglyphics
Cystic fibrosis
Palm patterns
Asymmetry a-b ridge count
ATD angel
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7285
7296
10.22038/ijp.2017.27226.2343
9906
The Effect of Educational Program Based on Health Belief Model about HIV/AIDS among High School Students
Ali Khani Jeihooni
alikhanijeihooni@yahoo.com
1
Shideh Arameshfard
shideharameshfard@yahoo.com
2
Mahmood Hatami
mahmoodhatami@yahoo.com
3
Morteza Mansourian
mansourian55@gmail.com
4
Seyyed Hannan Kashfi
seyyedhannankashfi@gmail.com
5
Babak Rastegarimehr
babakrastegarimehr@yahoo.com
6
Omid Safari
omidsafari@yahoo.com
7
Mehdi Amirkhani
mehdiamirkhani@yahoo.com
8
1Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Departement of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Departement of Nursing, School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Nursing, Larestan School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.
MSc, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Departement of Nursing, School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Background: Considering the importance of learning health knowledge and the need to promote appropriate health attitudes, beliefs and behaviors regarding Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among school-age people, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an educational program based on Health Belief Model (HBM) about HIV/AIDS. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 100 male high school students in Fasa, Iran. A sample size of 100 was determined based on the examination of similar literature with 95% confidence interval and 80% test capability. The subjects were divided into two groups of 50 subjects. After administering a pre-test to both groups, only the experimental group was trained based on the HBM constructs on the HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors. Then intervention was followed by group discussion (10-person groups) in 8 sessions each 55-60 minutes. In order to collect information based on Health Belief Model, a questionnaire consisting of 41 questions in three sections was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 software. Results: Educational intervention based on Health Belief Model resulted in meaningful enhancement of the subjects’ knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived self-efficacy (P <0.05). Furthermore, the students’ perceived barriers about beliefs related to HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors decreased significantly (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, educational intervention has increased the HIV/AIDS prevention behavior based on Health Belief Model. Therefore, the results of this study can be used in the theory-based intervention strategies to create and modify health behaviors.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9906_d06a3e7c26923cfe6bf416520a6c4426.pdf
Education
Health belief model
HIV/AIDS
Iran
Students
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7297
7298
10.22038/ijp.2018.29508.2588
10323
Unnecessary Brain CT scan of Traumatic Pediatric Patients; How to Reduce the Numbers?
Mohammad-Taghi Talebian
mttalebian@gmail.com
1
Shahram Bagheri-Hariri
hariri.shahram@gmail.com
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
There are considerable rates of pediatrics trauma referring emergency department following a traumatic event. The worried parents are requesting for the most sensitive diagnostic test, so emergency physicians ask them to underwent brain computed tomography (CT) scan. Lower threshold of decision making regarding use of brain CT scan results in huge number of normal imaging. On the other hand, radiation exposer of the child may accompanied with lots of side effects in future. It may highlight a question that “how to reduce the numbers of unnecessary brain CT scan of traumatic pediatric patients?”
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10323_e8b7012e3ba42ea6e17b102878294886.pdf
Closed Head Injuries
Pediatrics
x-ray computed tomography
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7299
7310
10.22038/ijp.2018.29245.2559
10178
The Effect of Resilience Training on the Condition of Style of Coping and Parental Stress in Mothers of Children with Leukemia
Marziyeh Kaboudi
fkaboudi@kums.ac.ir
1
Parvin Abbasi
p_abasi2003@yahoo.com
2
Parisa Heidarisharaf
pariheidarisharaf@gmail.com
3
Fateme Dehghan
fateme.dehghan1368@gmail.com
4
Arash Ziapour
arashziapoor@gmail.com
5
Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Background Diagnosis of cancer in children has an adverse effect on the family. Resilience refers to the ability of humans to adapt to diseases, the pain and suffering caused by parental stresses and stressful factors in the life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resilience training on the styles of coping status and parental stress of mothers whose children had leukemia. Materials and Methods At a case- control study, 60 mothers of children with leukemia were selected by available sampling method in Mohammad Kermanshahi Hospital in Kermanshah city, Iran. They were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (n=30), and control group (n=30). Connor-Davidson Resiliency Questionnaire, coping styles and parental stress form were used for data collection. The experimental group was trained nine sessions of resilience training weekly and the control group did not receive any training. Results The mean score of mothers' style of coping after the training intervention in the experimental were increased (101.93±31.42 versus 89.20+ 23.84), and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Also the mean of parental stress score after the training intervention in the experimental group were decreased (37.41±13.12 versus 54.23+ 21.09), and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion The results of this study showed that mothers who were trained under resilience skills, had significant progress in increasing the style of coping and reducing parental stress in comparison with mothers in control group.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10178_90a26d99a6b7928da2d4d0eb15ddf003.pdf
Children
Leukemia
Parental Stress
Resilience
Style of Coping
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7311
7343
10.22038/ijp.2018.29670.2607
10318
Treatment of Malaria Parasitaemia in Infants and their Mothers
Gian Maria Pacifici
pacifici@biomed.unipi.it
1
via San Andrea 32, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Malaria is an infection sustained by three parasites namely: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium ovale. Plasmodium falciparum is the most common and virulent parasite. These parasites are present in different areas of the sub-Saharan African countries and Asia. In 2010, there were an estimated 219 million cases of malaria resulting in 660,000 deaths and, approximately, two-thirds were children. In sub-Saharan African countries, maternal malaria is associated with up to 200,000 estimated infant deaths yearly. Chloroquine was the world's widely used antimalarial drug, but Plasmodium falciparum is now increasingly resistant. However, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium vivax are sensitive to chloroquine. Pregnancy makes women vulnerable to malarial parasites and the risks of anemia, miscarriage, stillbirth and prematurity increase. Resistance to chloroquine is a major concern for treatment of malaria and alternative drugs are needed. Proguanil is safe, being very rarely associated with severe adverse reactions. Chloroquine, mefloquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and amodiaquine have been found to be active against Plasmodium falciparum in-vitro. In the Cameroons, chloroquine was initially replaced by amodiaquine and artemisinin-lumefantrine was gradually introduced in 2004. Tanzania replaced chloroquine with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, and in 2006 artemisinin was introduced in the therapy. Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine should be reserved as a second-line-treatment. Mefloquine may provoke severe neuropsychiatric reactions. In the treatment of Plasmodium malaria, which has a high mortality rate if untreated, a greater risk of adverse reactions to malarial drugs is acceptable. The aim of the present study is to review the published data on the treatment of malaria in infants and their mothers.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10318_5a16d4076ab4994e3b10a9ef8fdee02d.pdf
Antimalarials
Infants
Malaria
mothers
Pregnant-women
Resistance
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7345
7351
10.22038/ijp.2017.27406.2362
9648
Atrial and Ventricular Electrocardiographic Dromotropic Disturbances in Down Syndrome Patients with Structurally Normal Heart: A Cross-Sectional Study
Yazdan Ghandi
y.ghandi@arakmu.ac.ir
1
Mehrzad Sharifi
m.sharifi@arakmu.ac.ir
2
Danial habibi
dhabibi67@gmail.com
3
Saeed Alinejad
alinejadsaeed264@yahoo.com
4
Ali Arjmand
aliargmand1@yahoo.com
5
Sara Nikdel
dr.saranikdel@gmail.com
6
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Master of Sciences in Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics and epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Assistant Professor, Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
General Practitioner, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Background: We designed a cross-sectional study to determine electrocardiographic disorders in Down syndrome patients with congenitally normal hearts in a bid to predict fatal cardiac arrhythmia in the future. Materials and Methods: We investigated 60 children with DS without congenital abnormal hearts. Sixty healthy juveniles were also included in the study as a control group. Physical examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography were performed in all subjects. Corrected QT interval (QTc) was measured according to Bazett’s formula. Results: Patients with DS consisted of 32 males (53.33%), and 28 females (46.66%), aged 6–13 (9.21 ± 6.24) years old. Healthy subjects comprised 31 males (51.66%), and 29 females (48.33%) with a mean age of 9.15 ± 5.01. The two groups were significantly different in terms of heart rate (P=0.006), maximum P-wave duration (P=0.001), and P-wave dispersion (PWd, P=0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference regarding minimum P-wave duration (P=0.176). The patients with DS had a greater maximum QTc interval, QT dispersion, and corrected QT interval dispersion (QTc-d) than the healthy control subjects (P=0.001). However, there was no difference in maximum QT interval and minimum QTc interval between the two groups (P=0.67 and P=0.553, respectively). A positive correlation was found between age, heart rate, and all electrocardiographic variables. Conclusion: All DS patients, even in the absence of concomitant congenital heart disease should be followed up carefully by electrocardiography, looking for increased PWd and QTc-d to detect predisposed cases to arrhythmia.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9648_0525d52044f582bc55bc066bcf3e171d.pdf
Cardiovascular Abnormalities
Children
Down syndrome
Congenital heart defects
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7353
7367
10.22038/ijp.2017.26699.2301
9652
Formative Research on a Social Marketing Campaign to Promote the Consumption of Healthy Breakfast and Snacks: A Qualitative Study
Fatemeh Bastami
fatemeh2011bastami@gmail.com
1
Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh
fe.zamani@gmail.com
2
Firoozeh Mostafavi
f_mostafavi@yahoo.com
3
Mohammad Almasian
almasian2@gmail.com
4
Mohammad Hydari
5
PhD, Student Research Committee, Department of Health Education and Promotion, school of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
MA, Faculty Member, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
MSc, Head of Health Education, City Health Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Background: The elimination of breakfast and the high consumption of low-value snacks are becoming more frequent and common among adolescents. Nutrition is a complex behavioral phenomenon that is associated with the specific cultural and environmental issues of each society as well as psychological features.This qualitative research was conducted to identify factors affecting breakfast consumption behavior in adolescents using the social marketing framework. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research based on the social marketing framework was conducted through directed content analysis in the high schools of Isfahan and Khorramabad, Iran, in 2016. Data were collected through seven focus group discussions and 33 in-depth, semi-structured; interviews conducted in person with both male and female students, the parents, and the teachers and were analyzed simultaneously in three phases, namely preparation, organization and reporting. Results: The results obtained in the present study within the social marketing framework were coded into the four categories of product, place, price and promotion. The product category had four subcategories, including favorite taste sought in breakfast, breakfast preparation, breakfast serving style, variety and the healthful features of breakfast. The price category had four subcategories, including time, psychological, social and financial prices. The promotion category had three subcategories, including official channels, unofficial channels, and educational materials and equipment. The place category had two subcategories, including having breakfast at school or having breakfast in an outdoor space. Conclusion: The promotion of healthy breakfast as a product, requires that first its important features be considered, including the favorite taste sought in breakfast, second that it be promoted through channels most popular with students, and most importantly, that its price be reduced by using incentives such as serving breakfast at school as an attractive place for students.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9652_ee0f84636a3cc31709873ab01d04cbf3.pdf
Adolescents
Breakfast
Snack foods
Social marketing
Students
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7369
7370
10.22038/ijp.2018.29752.2619
10340
Neonatal Appendicitis: Difficult Diagnosis with Enterocolitis
Hayet Zitouni
hayettzitouni83@yahoo.fr
1
Hamdi Louati
drhamdilouati85@yahoo.com
2
Manel Belhajmansour
maneelbelhajmansour@gmail.com
3
Mohamed Jallouli
jallouli.mohamad@medecinesfax.org
4
Riadh Mhiri
riadh-mhiri@rns.tn
5
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 30219 Sfax, Tunisia.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 30219 Sfax, Tunisia.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 30219 Sfax, Tunisia.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 30219 Sfax, Tunisia.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 30219 Sfax, Tunisia.
The clinical presentation of appendicitis in the newborn is nonspecific. The diagnosis was always made after surgical exploration for acute abdominal findings mimicking necrotizing enterocolitis. We report the case of acute appendicitis in a newborn diagnosed intraoperatively after neonatal occlusion symptoms.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10340_1bcd8bbce3e5209239a9dbdab57c8533.pdf
Neonatal
Appendicitis
enterocolitis
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7371
7382
10.22038/ijp.2017.27419.2364
9636
An Approach towards Promoting Iranian Caregivers’ Knowledge on Early Childhood Development
Firoozeh Sajedi
fisajedi@gmail.com
1
Elham Habibi
ehabibi62@yahoo.com
2
Soheila Shahshahanipour
sol_shah@yahoo.com
3
Nikta Hatamizadeh
nikta_h@yahoo.com
4
Hosein Malek Afzali
malek_179@gmail.com
5
Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), parents need to be informed about Early Childhood Development (ECD). Different methods of parents’ education include group-based, face-to-face, book, booklet, web-based, technology-based, and mobile learning using laptops, tablets, and cell phones. Paying attention to caregivers' attitudes is the first step to their education. The objectives of this study were to determine parental education requirements and the best approach towards promoting caregivers` knowledge about ECD, from the perspective of the Iranian main child caregivers. Materials and Methods: A qualitative approach with directional content analysis method was used. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Thirty-one child-caregivers participated in 5 individual interviews and 5 focus group discussions (FGDs). Participants were parents and grandparents that had less than the 36-month child (grandchild), and kindergarten staffs. Four criteria namely: validity, transferability, reliability and verifiability were used to validate data. Results: According to the perspective of participants, two main themes were requirements for parent education (educators, educational content, time, place), and approach to educate child caregivers (mobile learning, group and face-to-face education, electronic learning, media, physical resources), totally 98 sub-themes. Finally the best approach to educate child caregivers was a multi-model approach includes group or face-to-face education with mobile learning. Conclusion: Participants suggested a multi-model approach based on traditional and modern technological methods, especially mobile learning (smartphone). They believed that the educational approach should be flexible and selectable, so caregivers can choose an appropriate individual method.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9636_b6e53a4045f8b692176cd75f77b21a15.pdf
Caregivers
Child development
Educational Model
Knowledge
Qualitative study
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7383
7392
10.22038/ijp.2018.27961.2420
10322
Risk Factors Associated with Head lice (Pediculosis) Infestation among Elementary School Students in Meshkinshahr County, North West of Iran
Eslam Moradiasl
moradiasl83@yahoo.com
1
Shahram Habibzadeh
s.habibzadeh@arums.ac.ir
2
Javad Rafinejad
jrafinejad@yahoo.com
3
Malek Abazari
m.abazari@arums.ac.ir
4
Saeid Sadeghieh Ahari
s.sadeghi@arums.ac.ir
5
Abedin Saghafipour
abed.saghafi@yahoo.com
6
Mohammad Mehrtak
m.mehrtak@arums.ac.ir
7
Hassan Edalatkhah
h.edalatkhah@arums.ac.ir
8
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. 3Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Background: Head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) is one of the common health problems of the children in elementary schools. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors associated with head lice (Pediculosis) infestation among elementary school students in Meshkinshahr County, Northwestern Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study is done over 1,950 students (1,055 girls and 895 boys) in Meshkinshahr County, North West of Iran that were selected two-stage cluster. Data collection was conducted using researcher-made questionnaire. In addition, the suspected cases were confirmed via physical examination for the presence of adult lice, and eggs. Head examinations were done by general physicians and medical entomologist experts. For data analysis, Chi-square and Regression Logistics tests were used. Results: In total, out of 1,950 students of primary schools, 200 students (10.25%) were infested with pediculosis. A total of 131 (12.42%) of girls, and 69 (7.71%) of boys were head lice infested. Most of head lice infested students 145 (72.5%) were in the classrooms with capacity of more than 20 students. Also, one hundred sixty-one (80.5%) of the cases were in the schools with capacity of more than 100 students. This study revealed significant differences among student’s family size, students and their parents' history of infestation, type of bathrooms, history of use shared hygiene items and head lice infestation (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of head lice infestation in Meshkinshahr County was relatively high in comparison to other studied areas of Iran. It seems family size, students and their parents' history of infestation, type of bathrooms, and history of use shared hygiene items were probably risk factors associated with head lice infestation among students of primary schools.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10322_55975b956c320217b95d6d31745aaea2.pdf
Head lice
Elementary students
Iran
Pediculosis
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7393
7404
10.22038/ijp.2017.27258.2345
10016
Association of Perceived Weight Status and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: the Weight Disorder Survey of the CASPIAN- IV Study
Silva Hovsepian
silvahovsepsecret@gmail.com
1
Mostafa Qorbani
mqorbani1379@yahoo.com
2
Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh
motlagh@gmail.com
3
Mojgan Asadi
assadimojgan@yahoo.com
4
Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
armitamahdavi61@gmail.com
5
Sahar Alirezayi
sahar1988alz2@gmail.com
6
Hamid Asayesh
asayeshpsy@gmail.com
7
Neda Hani Tabaei Zavareh
8
Roya Kelishadi
kelishadi@med.mui.ac.ir
9
Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran AND Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 5Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Department of Public Health, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Background: This study investigates the association of perceived weight status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this study, 6-18-year-old students were selected from 30 provinces of Iran. Weight status and perceived weight status of students were determined by physical examination and using the validated questionnaire of the World Health Organization-Global school-based student health survey, respectively. The students’ HRQL was evaluated by the Persian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life inventory (PedsQL™ 4.0TM 4.0) Generic Core Scales. Results: The participants consisted of 23,043 students with mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 12.55(3.31) years. Underweight was significantly less prevalent than perceived underweight (30.8%vs 10.0%, respectively, P<0.001), whereas normal weight was significantly more prevalent than perceived normal weight (70.8% vs. 52.5%, respectively P<0.001). The mean total PedsQL™ score and its subscales in different categories of perceived weight did not have significant difference (P>0.05). After adjustment for age, gender, region, socio-economic status, physical activity, screen time, and body mass index (BMI), significant negative association was documented between perceived overweight and total score of HRQOL. School functioning was negatively associated with perceived overweight. Positive significant association existed between perceived overweight and psychosocial functioning. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that weight underestimation is the most common form of weight misperception in Iranian children and adolescents, which could be a cause of concern especially for obesity treatment and prevention programs. Furthermore, considering the negative association between weight overestimation and total HRQOL and school functioning, it is suggested that social standards and norms impacts on weight perception and consequently HRQOL in children and adolescents.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10016_023df27db5ef21434d1380b51c091a7f.pdf
Health related quality of life
Children
Iran
Weight
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7405
7412
10.22038/ijp.2018.26967.2324
10217
Probiotic or Conventional Yogurt for Treating Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea: A Clinical Trial Study
Majid Khademian
m.khademian@med.mui.ac.ir
1
Mohammad Ali Kiani
kianimd@mums.ac.ir
2
Seyed Ali Jafari
jafaria@mums.ac.ir
3
Hamid Ahanchian
ahanchianh@mums.ac.ir
4
Niloofar Sedghi
sedghyn@gmail.com
5
Fatemeh Behmanesh
behmanesh_f@yahoo.com
6
Ali Khakshour
alikhalshour@gmail.com
7
Hamidreza Kianifar
kianifarhr@mums.ac.ir
8
Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Background The popularity of probiotics is on the rise. Despite the beneficial effects of antibiotics, gastrointestinal health is at risk of diarrhea. This study aimed to investigate whether probiotic yogurt is of capability to prevent the incidence of diarrhea versus conventional yogurt. Materials and Methods This controlled, randomized, double-blind trial was designed to recruit 48 hospitalized children, whose treatments included different types of antibiotics. They were subsequently assigned into a 1:1 ratio into groups A and B at random. The first group was instructed to consume probiotic yogurt (Bifidobacterium strains and Lactobacillus acidophilus), while the second were on conventional yogurt (placebo containing Streptococcus thermophiles and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) at least for 7 days. The incidence of diarrhea, its onset and duration were compared between the two groups. Results The findings indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05). No significant decrease was observed in the incidence of diarrhea between the groups following adjustment for negative C-reactive protein (CRP) (p > 0.05). Conclusion According to the results, the consumption of yogurt, either probiotic or conventional, reduced the incidence, duration, and onset of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in pediatric population. This study showed no significantly better performance for probiotic yogurt than conventional yogurt.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10217_dff8ccbbdc76422032b251fb071b6e13.pdf
Diarrhea
Pediatrics
Probiotics
Yogurt consumption
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7413
7419
10.22038/ijp.2017.24958.2111
9889
Assessment of Backpacks Parameters and Postural Structure Disturbances Association among Iranian Children
Shahrbanoo Moslemi
banoo.moslemi@gmail.com
1
Saber Mohammadi
mohammadi.s@iums.ac.ir
2
Mahin Hosseininejad
dr.hoseini1247@gmail.com
3
Sima Mohtasham
sima.mohtasham@yahoo.com
4
Elaheh kabir-Mokamelkhah
kabir.e@iums.ac.ir
5
Occupational Medicine Department , Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Professor, Occupational Medicine Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Occupational Medicine Department , Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Occupational Medicine Department , Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Assistant Professor, Occupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background: Postural structure abnormalities have been highly prevalent among children in primary school children.The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the backpacks weight and method of carrying with postural structure disturbances in primary school children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 472 primary school children in Karaj-Iran. Study investigators, assessed stature structure disturbances of head, neck, and spinal cord based on the New York scoring protocol. Ergonomic data of backpacks such as type of bag, weight of students' bags, the method of carrying bag, feeling pain when carrying the backpack, the mean time for carrying the backpack from school to home, was evaluated Results: In this study 97.2% of students carried backpacks as the school bags and only 1.9% carried their bags correctly. The mean time for carrying backpacks was associated with the increased risk for posture disorder including forward head (p<0.001), crookneck (p = 0.006), scoliosis (p = 0.006), lordosis (p = 0.006), and kyphosis (p<0.001). Also, the risk for all disturbances was significantly higher in those students who carried their bags themselves than others used services. Kyphosis was significantly more prevalent in students having backpacks weighted higher than 10% of their body weight (odds ration [OR] = 2.50, 95%confidence interval[CI]: 1.61-4.10, p < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results the postural structure disturbances was partially high among primary school children and were closely associated with some ergonomic parameters such as weight and type of backpack.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9889_b3432852bd80fb1c633b74323d35bf40.pdf
Iran
Musculoskeletal abnormality
Spinal Curvatures
Student
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
2018-03-01
6
3
7421
7432
10.22038/ijp.2018.29138.2545
10201
The Survey of Pediatric Pleural Empyema in North of Iran (from 2004 to 2016)
Gohar Eslami
dr.gohar.eslami@gmail.com
1
Azade Panji
panji.azade@gmail.com
2
Hosein Firoozi
firoozihossein@yahoo.com
3
Fatima Hosseinzadeh
fatima.hzade@gmail.com
4
Siavash Moradi
d.smor86@yahoo.com
5
Ali Mohammadpour Mir
alimmir@yahoo.com
6
Mohammad Sadegh Rezai
drmsrezaii49@gmail.com
7
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Pharmacologist, Student Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Neonatologist, Department of Pediatrics, Ramsar Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Midwife, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Pediatric Infectious Diseases subspecialist, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Pediatric Infectious Diseases subspecialist, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Background: Pleural empyema is a collection of purulent exudate between the lungs and the chest wall. Despite the importance of the disease in children, no study has investigated it in Mazandaran province, Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and its outcome in children referring to hospitals of Mazandaran during 12 years. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, medical records of all children aged 0 to 18 years admitted to 5 educational hospitals of Mazandaran province, Iran, with Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes confirming pleural empyema or effusion from March 2004 to 2016 were identified retrospectively. The clinical records were reviewed for demographic information, hospitalization information, medications, symptoms; laboratory and medical imaging results and the patient's condition on discharge were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 20.0 software. Results: Of 50 patients with the mean age of 7.08±5.6 years, 31(62%) were boys and empyema incidence was higher (58%) in 5-18 year-old children.The mortality rate was 12% (6 patients).The most common microorganisms were Escherichia coliand Klebsiella (33.3%). In 17(34%) patients, antipyretics were prescribed prior to admission and pre-admission treatment regimen included beta-lactams with or without macrolides.The most commonly prescribed drug regimens were vancomycin and beta-lactam (50%), and the most common drug resistance of microorganisms was to ampicillin, cephalexin and ceftazidime. Conclusion: Since most of the gram-negative organisms in Mazandaran hospitals were Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL), and all the microorganisms of this study were susceptible to gentamicin, it is suggested to consider it in empiric therapy of pediatric pleural empyemain Mazandaran province. Also, lower rate of surgical intervention in children who received pre-admission antibiotics highlights the importance of antibiotic intervention before admission.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10201_a63c5ff337cb311c682e22275d270a3a.pdf
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Children, Empyema, Chest tubes, Pleural, Pediatrics