ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Diagnostic Challenges in Celiac Disease
1. The most important challenge in diagnosis of celiac disease is not-performing the diagnostic tests in suspected persons. Because of multi-organ damage and multiple manifestations of disease, diagnosis of celiac disease may be delayed. It seems general physicians should be aware about uncommon presentations of disease and indications of celiac tests. 2. The second most important challenge is in patients with suspected disease but negative serologic tests. In these cases evaluating of HLA can be useful. 3. The third challenge is in cases with positive serologic tests but negative histopathological findings. There may be false positive serologic response or consumption of gluten before testing. We recommend introduction of gluten for at least 3 mo and re- endoscopy and if diagnosis is equivocal HLA-typing for DQ8 and DQ2 should be done. 4. The forth challenge is about performing endoscopy. Based on guideline from ESPGHAN if there are typical clinical manifestations of celiac disease, Anti-TTG more than ten times UPN, positive Anti-EMA and HLA DQ2, performing endoscopy may not be necessary, but many physicians don’t agree with this idea. 5. In people who are genetically predisposed to celiac disease antibody levels may be fluctuating thus endoscopy with biopsy should be done in these patients. 6. In children lower than 2years, Anti- TTG and Anti –EMA have low sensitivity. we recommend Anti-TTG and Anti-DGP in these patients. 7. Resolution of symptoms after gluten free diet is not necessarily a feature of celiac disease. This condition may be seen in patients with IBS or non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_2567_43302c6ed36de37a14d026683ee1c010.pdf
2014-04-01
111
111
10.22038/ijp.2014.2567
Celiac disease
Diagnostic
Mahmood
Haghighat
haghighatm@sums.ac.ir
1
Professor of pediatric Gastroenterology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hearing Abnormality in Neonate Intensive Care Unit (NICU),Yazd-Iran
Introduction: Hearing impairment and hearing loss are kinds of latent handicap in children. Any abnormality in hearing can affect different aspects of life. Otoacoustic emissions have been accepted as an appropriate method for screening of hearing loss in neonates. In this study we assessed the hearing status of infants admitted in ICU wards in Yazd.Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study on hearing status of infants admitted in ICU wards of Yazd hospital in 2012-2013. Data was collected using a questionnaire involving demographic data of the infants and their parents. Data was gathered from infants’ medical files and interview by their parents. Data was analyzed by SPSS (ver. 20) using chi square test. Results: 514 infants were introduced for primary screening. 82 subjects were referred for the second step of OAE test. Seventy subjects referred for second OAE. Among all 25 infants with hearing impairment, there was no family history of hearing loss, but among the subjects with normal hearing, 5 subjects showed hearing loss. Conclusion: Hearing loss in neonates admitted to NICU is more common than general population. Early diagnosis of hearing impairment is essential for prevention of future disabilities and development of their life quality which explains the need to screen all neonates for hearing impairment.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_2345_5c8ef62cc8d2b4e07edacb771ce17a10.pdf
2014-04-01
113
117
10.22038/ijp.2014.2345
neonate
NICU
Hearing Impairment
OAEs
Mohammad Hossein
Baradaranfar
baradaranf@yahoo.com
1
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shahid Sadoughi university of medical sciences
AUTHOR
Amir Houshang
Mehrparvar
ahmehrparvar@gmail.com
2
Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi university of medical sciences
AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Mostagahci
mehrdadmostaghaci@gmail.com
3
Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi university of medical sciences
AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Mollasadeghi
mollasadeghi@yahoo.com
4
Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi university of medical sciences
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elham
Naghshineh
naghshineh@med.mui.ac.ir
5
Department of obstetrics/gynecology, Isfahan university of medical sciences,
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hossein
Davari
drmhdavari@gmail.com
6
Department of Occupational Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi university of medical sciences
AUTHOR
1. Finckh-Kramer U, Gross M, bartsch M, Kewitz G, Versmold H, Hess M. Hearing screening of high risk newborn infants. HNO 2000; 48(3): 215-220.
1
2. Rhodes MC, Margolis RH, Hirsch JE, Napp AP. Hearing screening in the newborn intensive care nursery: Comparison of methods. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120(6):700-808.
2
3. Stelmachowicz PG, Gorga MP. Audiology: early identification and management of hearing loss. In: Cummings CW, Fredrickson JM, Harker LA, Krause CJ, Schuller DE, Richardsobn MA, editors. Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Vol5. 3rd ed. London: Mosby; 1998.P. 401-8.
3
4. Oysu C, Ulbil A, Aslan I, Baserer N. Incidence of cochlear involvement in hyperbilirubinemic deafness. Ann Otorhinolaryngol 2002; 111(11): 1021-5.
4
5. Kaldestad RH, Wingaard L, Hansen TW. Screening for congenital loss-a pilot project. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2002; 122(22): 2190-93.
5
6. Komazac Z, Milosevic D, Mocko M, Dankuc D, Vlaski L. Correlation between auditory threshold and transitent evoked otoacoustic emissions. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2002; 130 (Suppl 1): 8-11.
6
7. Mills DM. Interpretation of standard distortion product otoacoustic emission measurement in light of the complete parametric response. J Acoust Soc Am 2002;112(4):1545-60.
7
8. De Ceulaer G, Daemers K, Van Driessche K, Marien S, Somers T, Offeciers FE, et al. Neonatal hearing with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions: A learning curve. Audiology 1999; 38(6): 296-302.
8
9. Yeo SW, Park SN, Park YS, Suh BD. Effect of middle-ear effusion on otoacoustic emission. J Laryngol Otol 2002; 116(10): 794-9.
9
10. The Medicare Service Advistory Committee. Otoacoustic emission audiometry Publication approval. 1999; 1-9.
10
11. Kemp DT. Otoacoustic emission, their origin in cochlear function, and use. Br Med Bull 2002; 63: 223-41.
11
12. Brienessse P, Maertzdorf WJ, Anteunis LJ, Manni JJ, Blanco CD. Clic-evoked otoacoustic emission measurement in preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr 1998;157(12):999-1003.
12
13. Apostolopoulos NK, Psarommatis IM, Tsakanikos MD, Dellagrammatikas HD, Douniadakis DE. Otoacoustic emissions based hearing screening of a Greek NICU population. Int J Pediatric Otorhinolaryngol 1999; 47(1): 41-8.
13
14. Welzl-Mullerr K, Boheim K, Stephen H, Schlogel H, Stadlmann A, Nekahm D. Optimizing hearing screening by transient evoked otoacoustic emission in newborn infants. HNO 1997; 45(4): 227-32.
14
15. Andersen SH, Andersen J, Andersen R, Sponheim L. Universal neonatal hearing screening of infants with otoacoustic emissions. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2002; 122(22): 2187-89.
15
16. Konopka W. Evaluation and analysis of impulse noise and study of its influence on hearing organ using otoacoustic emissions. Otolaryngol Pol 2002; 56(4): 515-7.
16
17. Roos KL, Tyler KL. Meningitis, encephalitis, brain abcess, and empyema. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson JL, editors. Harrison,s principles of internal medicine. 16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005.p. 2470-90.
17
18. Hayes D. Newborn hearing screening: selected experience in the united states. Scand Audiol Suppl. 2001:(53):29-32.
18
19. Lauter JL, Oyler RF. Latency stability of auditory brainstem responses in children aged 10-12 years compared with younger children and adults. Br J Audiol 1992;26(4):245-53.
19
20. Brookhouser PE. Fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss in children. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2002;35(4):909-23.
20
21. Davis A, Bamford J, Stevens J. Performance of neonatal and infant hearing screens: sensitivity and specificity. Br J Audiol 2001;35(1):3-15.
21
22. Robinshaw AM. Early intervention for hearing impairment: differences in the timing of communicative and linguistic development. Br J Audiol 1995;29(6):315-34.
22
23. Ramkalawan TW, Davis AC. The effects of hearing loss and age of intervention on some language metrics in young hearing-impaired children. Br J Audiol 1992;26(2):97-107.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Maternal Knowledge and Performance about Use of Iron and Multivitamin Supplements in Children in Northwest of Iran
Introduction
Micronutrients deficiency, especially iron and vitamins, is a common nutritional problem among children under 2 years in Iran. The aim of the present study is to assess the awareness and performance of mothers about the use of iron and vitamin supplements in infants less than 2 years.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed on 762 mothers of 6-24 months infants referred to the Children’s Hospital of Tabriz in (Mar 2012-Mar 2013). They completed questionnaire. Data was collected through a three partite questionnaire and analyzed through interviews with mothers about the use of iron and multivitamin supplements. Data were analyzed by descriptive- analytic tests and using SPSS 11.5.
Findings:
The results showed that the number of mothers with high, moderate, and low awareness was 115 (15.09%), 456 (59.84%), and 91 (25.06%), respectively. The number of mothers with good, moderate, and poor performance was 186 (24.4%), 379 (49.74%), and 197 (25.86%), respectively. There was a significant relationship between education level and the performance of mothers (P<0.05(.
Conclusion:
Periodic retraining courses for health staff, technicians, and nutrition and children experts play a key role in increased knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health staff. Such courses will improve the ability of health staff to transmit correct educations to mothers. Most important factor in avoiding the use of vitamin and iron drops is their taste and teeth stain, the production and use of supplements with better taste and fewer side effects can be effective.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_2438_932b52a361d263e79bb11f670344de1b.pdf
2014-04-01
119
123
10.22038/ijp.2014.2438
Knowledge
Iron
Multivitamin
Children, Maternal
Babak
Abdinia
babdinia@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Beinner MA, Lamounier JA. Recent experience with fortification of foods and beverages with iron for the control of iron deficiency anemia in Brazilian children. Food Nutr Bull 2003;24(3):268-74.
1
Viteri F. Iron supplementation for the control of iron deficiency anemia in populations at risk. Nutr Rev 1997;55:189–203.
2
Algarin C. Periano P, Garrido M, Pizarro F, Lozoff B. Iron deficiency anemia in infancy : long lasting effects an auditory and visual system functioning. Pediatr Res 2003;53(2):217-23.
3
Colomer J, Colomer C, Gutierrez D, Jubert A, Nolasco A, Donat J, et al. Anaemia during pregnancy as a risk factor for infant iron deficiency: report from Valencia Infant Anaemia Cohort (VIAC) Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1990;4:196–204.
4
Zohouri FV, Rugg-Gunn AJ. Sources of dietary iron in urban and provincial 4 year old children in Iran. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002;11(2):128-32.
5
Grantham-McGregor SM, Powell CA, Walker SP, Himes JH. Nutritional supplementation, psychosocial stimulation, and mental development in stunted children: the Jamaican study. Lancet 1991;338:1–5.
6
Nokes C, van den Bosch C, Bundy D. The effects of iron deficiency and anemia on mental and motor performance, educational achievement, and behavior in children. A report of the INACG. Washington, DC: International Life Sciences Institute, 1998.
7
Dewey KG, Chaparro CM. Session 4: Mineral metabolism and body composition iron status of breast-fed infants. Proc Nutr Soc. 2007;66(3):412-22.
8
Emerson W, Kable M. Prevention from vit A deficiency. Indian Pediatrics 2005;24:825-28
9
Greenway A, Zacharin M. Vitamin D status of chronically ill or disabled children in Victoria. J Paediatr Child Health 2003; 39: 543-547.
10
Tatala SR, Kihamia CM, Kyungu LH, Svanberg U. Risk factors for anaemia in schoolchildren in Tanga Region, Tanzania. Tanzan J Health Res 2008;10(4):189-202.
11
Beinner MA, Lamounier JA. Recent experience with fortification of foods and beverages with iron for the control of iron deficiency anemia in Brazilian children. Food Nutr Bull 2003;24(3):268-74.
12
Monajemzadeh SM, Zarkesh MR. Iron deficiency anemia in infants aged 12-15 months in Ahwaz, Iran. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2009;52:182-4.
13
Mora J. Iron supplementation: over coming technical and practical barriers. J Nut 2002; 132: 8535 –55.
14
Ermis B, Demirel F , Demirean N , Gurel A. Effects of three different iron supplementation in term healthy infants after 5 months of lifte. J Trop Pediatr 2002; 48 (5): 280 – 4.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effectiveness of Holistic Multi-dimensional Treatment Model (HMTM) in the Treatment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) belong to the pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders. The prevalence of ASD has increased significantly throughout recent decades, bringing the overall estimated prevalence to 11.3 per 1000 children. ASD is characterized by severe difficulties in reciprocal social interaction, stereotyped patterns of behavior and profound impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication. Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 150 children with ASD, who referred to psychiatry clinics of children in two Mashhad academic Hospitals-Iran, were enrolled. At the first, they divided into 3 groups (N=50 patients in each group). All groups were educated and treated with Holistic Multidimensional Treatment Model (HMTM) method but for different periods: one, two, and three years. Data analysis was done using ANOVA and ANCOVA test. Results: 78% of participants were boys. According to the results, 26% of participants after one year treatment, 44% after two years and 52% after three years treatment improved. The participants’ symptoms of behavioral, cognitive and physical function declined in 3 groups significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that holistic multidimensional treatment model has been effective in treatment of children with autism spectrum disorders in all the three groups, regardless of the gender and age. Whatever treatment period would be longer, recovery process would be more effective in children with ASD spectrum.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_2459_558d7126b4dac71a40d6087636dc8aff.pdf
2014-04-01
125
132
10.22038/ijp.2014.2459
Autism spectrum disorder
ASD
Holistic Multi-dimensional Treatment Model
HMTM
Maryam
Hojati
1
Phd Student in Clinical Psychology, Noore Hedayat Center, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
1.Lord C, Risi S, DiLavore PS, Shulman C, Thurm A, Pickles A. Autism from 2 to 9 years of age. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006 Jun;63(6):694-701.
1
2.Handleman, J.S., Harris, S., eds. Preschool Education Programs for Children with Autism (2nd ed). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. 2000.
2
3.National Research Council. Educating Children with Autism. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001.
3
4. Fombonne E, Zakarian R, Bennett A, Meng L, McLean-Heywood D. Pervasive developmental disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: prevalence and links with immunizations. Pediatrics 2006;118:e139–50.
4
5. Chakrabarti S, Fombonne E. Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children. JAMA 2001;285:3093–9.
5
6. Chakrabarti S, Fombonne E. Pervasive developmental disorders in preschool children: confirmation of high prevalence. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:1133–41.
6
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mental health in the United States: parental report of diagnosed autism in children aged 4-17 years, United States, 2003-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006;55:481–6.
7
8. Bertrand J, Mars A, Boyle C, Bove F, Yeargin-Allsop M, DeCoufle P. Prevalence of autism in a United States population: the Brick Township, New Jersey, investigation. Pediatr 2001;108:1155–61.
8
9. Yeargin-Allsopp M, Rice C, Karapurkar T, Doernberg N, Boyle C, Murphy C. Prevalence of autism in a US metropolitan area. JAMA 2003;289:49–55.
9
10. Shattuck PT. The contribution of diagnostic substitution to the growing administrative prevalence of autism in US special education data. Pediatr 2006;117:1028–37.
10
11. Bailey A, Le Couteur A, Gottesman, Bolton P, Simonoff E, Yuzda E, et al. Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study. Psychol Med. 1995;25:63–77.
11
12. Marco EJ, Skuse DH. Autism-lessons from the X chromosome. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2006;1:183–93.
12
13. Kothur K, Ray M, Malhi P. Correlation of autism with temporal tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurol India 2008;56:74–6.
13
14. Muhle R, Trentacoste SV, Rapin I. The genetics of autism. Pediatrics 2004;113:e472–86.
14
15. Bolton PF, Park RJ, Higgins JN, Griffiths PD, Pickles A. Neuro-epileptic determinants of autism spectrum disorders in tuberous sclerosis complex. Brain. 2002;125:1247–55.
15
16. Trottier G, Srivastava L, Walker CD. Etiology of infantile autism: a review of recent advances in genetic and neurobiological research. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 1999;24:103–15.
16
17. Steiner CE, Acosta AX, Guerreiro MM, Marques-de-Faria AP. Genotype and natural history in unrelated individuals with phenylketonuria and autistic behavior. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2007;65:202–5.
17
18.Blenner S, Reddy A, Augustyn M; Diagnosis and management of autism in childhood. BMJ. 2011 Oct 21;343:d6238.
18
19.Johnson CP, Myers SM. American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Children With Disabilities. Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics 2007;120:1183–215.
19
20. Mattila ML, Kielinen M, Jussila K, Linna SL, Bloigu R, Ebeling H, Moilanen I. An epidemiological and diagnostic study of Asperger syndrome according to four sets of diagnostic criteria. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46:636–46.
20
21. Risi S, Lord C, Gotham K, Corsello C, Chrysler C, Szatmari P, et al. Combining information from multiple sources in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45:1094–103.
21
22.Odom SL, Boyd BA, Hall LJ, Hume K. Evaluation of comprehensive treatment models for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2010;40(4):425-36.
22
23.Callahan K, Shukla-Mehta S, Magee S, Wie M. ABA versus TEACCH: the case for defining and validating comprehensive treatment models in autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2010;40(1):74-88.
23
24. Ospina MB, Krebs Seida J, Clark B, Karkhaneh M, Hartling L, Tjosvold L, et al. Behavioural and developmental interventions for autism spectrum disorder: a clinical systematic review. PLoS One 2008;3:e3755.
24
25. Ooi YP, Lam CM, Sung M, Tan WT, Goh TJ, Fung DS, et al. Effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy on anxiety for children with high-functioning autistic spectrum disorders. Singapore Med J 2008;49:215–20.
25
26. Couper JJ, Sampson AJ. Children with autism deserve evidence-based intervention. Med J Aust 2003;178:424–5.
26
27. Williams White S, Keonig K, Scahill L. Social skills development in children with autism spectrum disorders: a review of the intervention research. J Autism Dev Disord 2007;37:1858–68.
27
28. Sallows GO, Graupner TD. Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism: four-year outcome and predictors. Am J Ment Retard 2005;110:417–38.
28
29. Barbaresi WJ, Katusic SK, Voigt RG. Autism: a review of the state of the science for pediatric primary health care clinicians. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006;160:1167–75.
29
30.Jump up ^ Ozonoff S, Boodlin-Jones B, Solomon M. Evidence-based assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 2005, 34, 523-540.
30
31.Jump up ^ Schopler E, Reichler RJ, DeVellis RF, Daly K . "Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)". J Autism Dev Disord 1980;10 (1): 91–103. 32.verhulst F, Ende Vd. Informa Healthcare,UK. j Assessment Scales in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2006:131-3.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study and Comparison the Knowledge of Medical and Public Health Students about Control and Treatment of TB with DOTS Strategy
Introduction: training medical students and prepare them for diagnosis, treatment and care of diseases, is the main goal of medical education. According to importance of adapting educational content to the needs of society and the high incidence of infectious diseases in the country, decided to study the knowledge of medical students and public health students about Tuberculosis (TB) and Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS), because they are the main stakeholders in the field at feuture. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire consisting of 40 questions related to the knowledge necessary measures in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (DOTS), 90 students of public health and medical students who were taken by the stratified random sampling with Using a reliable and valid questionnaire. The results of the tests were analyzed by descriptive and analytical tests in SPSS11.5 software. Results: Average knowledge of public health students about TB was 9.24+9.091of total 20 and kowledge of medical students was 8.67+1.954. The mean of knowledge, diagnosis and treatment of Public health students was 16.91+3.168 of total 40 and of medical students was 16.42+3.720. There was a significant linear correlation between general and tecnical students information about TB (r=0.681, p=0.000). T test showed there is not significant relationship between gender and field of study and students knowledge about TB; however, the infromation level in women was higher than in men. Couclusion: Knowledge of medical and health students about TB and DOTS is not in acceptable level and it is necessary to revise the education of tuberculosis in medical and health school.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_2513_e533df0394be663181aa5d850d9eb08f.pdf
2014-04-01
133
140
10.22038/ijp.2014.2513
DOTS
Knowledge
medical students
Public Health Students
Tuberculosis
Mohammad
Vahedian
1
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Foad
Faroughi
faroughif891@mums.ac.ir
2
Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ali
Khakshour
khakshoura@mums.ac.ir
3
Assistan Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
AUTHOR
Masumeh
Saeidi
4
Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. World Health Organization. WHO Global tuberculosis report 2012. 2012. Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/
1
2. Fadaeizadeh L, Nabipour I. The level of knowledge about TB in Bushehr city residents. Iran J Infect Dis Trop Med 2002;7(17):60-56.
2
3. Talaei H, Yadegari D, Shahid N. Knowledge of general practitioners of control and and treatment TB with DOTS strategy: Necessity of its inclusion in the curriculum of medical schools. Infect Dis Trop Med 2002;7(18): 72-67.
3
4. Ayatollahi J. Knowledge and practice of two final year medical students' of chemoprophylaxis after exposure to infectious diseases. Infect Dis Trop Med 2004;9(26): 59-54.
4
5. Majidpour A, Fuladi N, Faghih Zadeh S. Comparison study of knowledge, attitude and practice of Ardebil people about prevention and control of tuberculosis with smear positive patients. Journal of Medical Council of Islamic Republic of IRAN 2003;21(2):142-137.
5
6. Jamshidi M, Hashemi SM. Knowledge of physicians in Bandar Abbas about Tuberculosis and DOTS. Bimonthly Journal of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences 2001;5(2): 4-1.
6
7. Alavi SM, Sefidgaran Gh, Karami F. Comparative study on knowledge about tuberculosis in two cities with different tuberculosis epidemiological index in Khuzestan 2004. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal 2009;8(60):69-63.
7
8.World Health Organization: Global Tuberculosis Control: WHO Report 2012.WHO, Geneva:
8
WHO/CDS/TB/2012. 275.
9
9.Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:2852-3.
10
10.Chen J. Communicable diseases.translated by Sabaghian H. Tehran,Pourcina.2001;724-730.
11
11. Malek Afzali H, Shadpour K. Study skills needed and job problems in medical doctors working in health centers. Presented at the National Seminar on Medical Education;Tehran: March 1994.
12
12. Jamaati HR, Mansuri SD, Zahedpour Anaraki MR, Mirsaeidi SM, Kazempour Dizji M, Eskandari M. Study of Factors in tuberculosis treatment failure. Tanaffos Journal 2003;2(7): 68-61. 13. Nasehi M, Mohammad K, Gouya MH, Majdzadeh SR, Holakouie Naieni K. Investigation of factors affecting of delay the health care system in diagnosis and treatment of infectious TB. Tanaffos Journal 2003;2(8): 64-55.
13
14. Tavanaei Sani A, Nouri M. Success of the DOTS strategy and estimates of MDR-TB in Mashhad. Infect Dis Trop Med 2006;11(33):25-21.
14
15. WHO tuberculosis site. WWW.WHO.iht/gtb/publication/TB-control annex 1-htm P 1-12.
15
16. Ollé-Goig JE, Cullity JE, Vargas R. A survey of prescribing patterns for tuberculosis treatment amongst doctors in a Bolivian city. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999 Jan;3(1):74-8.
16
17. Sadr Sh. Attitude of medical students towards their career. Journal of Medical Council of Islamic Republic of IRAN 1997;16(3):216-212.
17
18. Kasraeian L, Sadeghi Hasanabadi A. Scientific knowledge of physicians in health center in Shiraz city about four infectious diseases (tuberculosis, brucellosis, typhoid and dysentery). Iranian Journal of Medical Education2000;1(2):35-33.
18
19. Rao SN1, Mookerjee AL, Obasanjo OO, Chaisson RE. Errors in the treatment of tuberculosis in Baltimore. Chest 2000 Mar;117(3):734-7.
19
20. Dye C, Garnett GP, Sleeman K, et al. Prospects for worldwide tuberculosis control under the WHODOTS strategy. Lancet 1998;352:1886–91.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Coagulation Abnormalities in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: A Literature Review
It has been recognized that patients with Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) show significant bleeding tendency which can be secondary to coagulopathies in these patients. Some coagulation abnormalities are thrombocytopenia, factor deficiencies, fibrinolysis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). According to high prevalence of CCHD and major operations in theses patients, the aim was to evaluate the coagulation abnormalities in children with CCHD.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_2458_814a34a30009675a542282f311defb54.pdf
2014-04-01
141
143
10.22038/ijp.2014.2458
Coagulation Abnormalities
CCHD
congenital heart disease
Pediatric Patient
Ali
Ghasemi
1
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Horri
2
Associated Professor of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Yaser
Salahshour
3
Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tempe D.K, Viramani S, Coagulation abnormalities in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease, Jounal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia. Vol 16; No6; Dec 2002; P:752_765
1
Henriksson P, Varendh G, Lunstrom N. Hemostatic defect in cyanotic congenital heart disease. British heart journal, Vol 39, No 6 1979; 41, 23_27
2
Harold M, Maurer, Carolyn M, McCue, Joyce Caul , W. J. S. Stil.Impairment in platelet aggregation in congenital heart disease.Blood. Vol 40; August 1972; P:207-216
3
Horigome H, Hiramatsu Y, Shigeta O, Nagasawa T, Matsui A.Overproduction of platelet microparticles in cyanotic congenital heart disease with polycythemia.Journal of the American college of cardiology Vol:39 March 2002; P:1072–1077
4
Arslan M.T, Ozcetin M, Ozyurek R, Kavakli K. Rate of abnormalities coagulation test results in patients with congenital heart disease. Journal of contemporary medicine. Vol:1 No:1 2011; P:6_10
5
Goel M, Shome DK, singh 2N: Hemostatic changes in children whith cyanotic and acyantic congenital heart disease. American Journal of Cardiology.Vol:80 1997;P:906-915
6
Ismail EA, Youssef OI.Platelet-derived microparticles and platelet function profile in children with congenital heart disease. Clin Appl Thromb Haemost. Vol:19 No:4; Jul-Aug 2013; P:424-32
7
Lill MC, Perloff JK, Child JS.Pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in cyanotic congenital heart disease. American Journal of Cardiology. Vol:15 Jul 2006; P:254-258.
8
Niebler RA, Gill JC, Brabant CP, Mitchell ME, Nugent M, Simpson P, Tweddell JS, Ghanayem NS.Thromboelastography in the assessment of bleeding following surgery for congenital heart disease. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. Vol:1 No:3(4);Oct 2012; P:433-438.
9
Osthaus WA, Boethig D, Johanning K, Rahe-Meyer N, Theilmeier G, Breymann T, Suempelmann R.Whole blood coagulation measured by modified thrombelastography (ROTEM) is impaired in infants with congenital heart diseases.Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis.Vol:19 No:3;Apr 2008; P:220-225.
10
Colon-Otero G, Gilchrist GS, Holcomb GR, Ilstrup DM, Bowie EJ. Preoperative evaluation of hemostasis in patients with congenital heart disease. Mayo Clinic proceedings. Vol:62 No:4; May 1987; P:379-385.
11
12. Cazzaniag A, Isgro G, Soro G, Debenedetti D, Pazzaglia A,Conti D,Ranucci M.Hematological disorders in adult patients with congenital heart disease.European Journal of anaesthesiology. Vol 19, June 2002; P:36-41
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Key Facts about Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Children Worldwide
Unfortunately, we do not know how many perinatally (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) HIV-infected pepole are living in contries today, while knowing these informations is necessary. UNAIDS reports that there are 3.4 million children under 15 years of age with HIV and 2 million adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age. Although the vast majority of children were perinatally infected, older children are combined with behaviourally infected adolescents and youth in global reporting, without disaggregation by sex. The aim of this study is to introduce the prevalence and prevention of HIV/AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) in children of worldwide.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_2508_e2e7bb4c11b2ba3fd583823600b9257a.pdf
2014-04-01
145
152
10.22038/ijp.2014.2508
Aids
Children
Epidemiology
HIV
Ali
Khakshour
khakshoura@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
AUTHOR
Habibolah
Taghizadeh Moghadam
2
Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Kiani
kianima@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Masumeh
Saeidi
4
Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Behjat
Zarif
5
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
1.Global Health Observatory Data Repository 2012. Available at:http://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en.htm Accessed Mar 21, 2014.
1
2. De Cock KM, Fowler MG, Mercier E, de Vincenzi I, Saba J, Haff E, et al. Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-poor countries: translating research into policy and practice. JAMA 2000;283: 1175–1182.
2
3. UNAIDS, Global plan towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive. Geneva2011: UNAIDS.
3
4. UNAIDS, Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013. Geneva2013: UNAIDS.
4
5. WHO, UNAIDS, UNICEF. Global HIV/AIDS response: epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal Access, 2011 progress report; Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
5
6. UNICEF. Children and AIDS, fifth stocktaking report; Geneva: UNICEF; 2010.
6
7. UNAIDS. Together we will end AIDS; Geneva: UNAIDS; 2012.
7
8. Newell ML, Coovadia H, Cortina-Borja M, Rollins N, Gaillard P, Dabis F. Mortality of infected and uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Africa: a pooled analysis. Lancet. 2004;364(9441):1236–43.
8
9. Ferrand RA, Corbett EL, Wood R, Hargrove J, Ndhlovu CE, Cowan FM, et al. AIDS among older children and adolescents in Southern Africa: projecting the time course and magnitude of the epidemic. AIDS. 2009;23(15):2039–46.
9
10. Stover J, Walker N, Grassly NC, Marston M. Projecting the demographic impact of AIDS and the number of people in need of treatment: updates to the Spectrum projection package. Sex Transm Infect. 2006;82(Suppl 3):iii45–50.
10
11. Zijenah LS, Moulton LH, Iliff P, Nathoo K, Munjoma MW, Mutasa K, et al. Timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 and infant mortality in the first 6 months of life in Harare, Zimbabwe. AIDS. 2004;18(2):273–80.
11
12. McConnell MS, Chasombat S, Siangphoe U, Yuktanont P, Lolekha R, Pattarapayoon N, et al. National program scale-up and patient outcomes in a pediatric antiretroviral treatment program, Thailand, 2000–2007. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;54(4):423–29.
12
13. Zhao Y, Sun X, He Y, Tang Z, Peng G, Liu A, et al. Progress of the national pediatric free antiretroviral therapy program in China. AIDS Care. 2010;22(10):1182–8.
13
14. Whitmore S, Hughes D, Taylor A, Koenig L. Estimated numbers and demographic characteristics of persons living With perinatally acquired HIV infection, 37 States, United States, 2007; 2010.
14
15. Brady MT, Oleske JM, Williams PL, Elgie C, Mofenson LM, Dankner WM, et al. Declines in mortality rates and changes in causes of death in HIV-1-infected children during the HAART era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53(1):86–94.
15
16. de Jose MI, Jimenez de Ory S, Espiau M, Fortuny C, Navarro ML, Soler-Palacín P, et al. A new tool for the paediatric HIV research: general data from the Cohort of the Spanish Paediatric HIV network (CoRISpe) BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:2.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
McCune-Albright Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare, heterogenous, clinical condition caused by a rare genetic mutation. The disorder is more common in females and is characterized by a triad of cutaneous, bone and endocrine abnormalities. We describe a girl patient with MAS having precocious puberty and multiple cafe-au-lait macules and deforming polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone. Clinical presentation and X-ray finding were strongly diagnostic for MAS, Patients with McCune-Albright syndrome reach the adult age with a significant burden of the disease that continuously reduces their quality of life. Skeletal deformities, fractures, hyperthyroidism, and hyperestrogenism are just few of the many challenges in the management of these patients. These disorders with close observation and early detection can be controlled.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_2416_f3d93c1ae3233d1ae4111fe983169320.pdf
2014-04-01
153
156
10.22038/ijp.2014.2416
Albright syndrome
Fibrous dysplasia
McCune
polyostotic
Moein
Mobini
1
Department of pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism,
Mashhad university of medical science, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Rahim
Vakili
vakilir@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism,
Mashhad university of medical science, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Saba
Vakili
vakilis901@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism,
Mashhad university of medical science, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Nielsen GP, Layfield LJ, Rosenberg AE. Neoplastic and tumor like lesions of bone. IN: Silverberg SG, DeLellis RA, Frable WJ, LiVolsi VA, WickMR, eds. Silverberg principles and practice of surgical pathology and cytopathology Vol. 1.4th ed. Philadelphia: Churchil Livingstone Elsevier,2006:740-742
1
2. Zhou J, Sun LH, Cui B, Song HD, Li XY, Ning G, Liu JM. Genetic diagnosis of
2
multiple affected tissues in a patient with McCune-Albright syndrome. Endocrine. 2007 Apr; 31(2):212-7. PubMed PMID: 17873334.
3
3. Albright F, Butler AM, Hampton AO. Syndrome characterized by osteitisfibrosadisseminata, areas of pigmentation and endocrine dysfunction, with precocious puberty in females. N Engl J Med 1937;216:727-47
4
4. Dumitrescu CE, Collins MT. McCune-Albright syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2008May 19; 3:12. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-3-12. PubMed PMID: 18489744; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2459161.
5
5.RosenbergAE.bones,joint and soft tissue tumors In: Kumar V,abbasAK,Fausto N, eds. Robins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saundes; 2005:1300-1301
6
6. Xavier SP, Ribeiro MC, Sicchieri LG, Brentegani LG, Lacerda SA. Clinical,
7
microscopic and imaging findings associated to McCune-Albright syndrome: report of two cases. Braz Dent J. 2008;19(2):165-70. PubMed PMID: 18568233.
8
7. Medow JE, Agrawal BM, Resnick DK. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the cervical spine: case report and review of the literature. Spine J. 2007
9
Nov-Dec;7(6):712-5. Epub 2007 Feb 2. Review. PubMed PMID: 17434805.
10
8. Mikami M, Koizumi H, Ishii M, Nakajima H. The identification of monoclonality in fibrous dysplasia by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction for the human androgen receptor gene. Virchows Arch. 2004 Jan; 444(1):56-60. Epub 2003 Oct 24. PubMed PMID: 14576938.
11
9. Greuliche WW, Pyle SI.Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wriste. 2th ed.1959. Standford University Press.
12
10. Liang LY, Meng Z, Zeng QH, Li WY. McCune-Albright syndrome: a difficult and complicated case study. Zhongguo Dang Dai ErKeZaZhi. 2006 Aug; 8(4):311-4. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 16923365.
13
11. DiCaprio MR, Enneking WF. Fibrous dysplasia. Pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005; 87:1848-64.
14
12.Papadopoulou M, Doula S, Kitsios K, Kaltsas T, Kosta K. A boy with
15
McCune-Albright syndrome associated with GH secreting pituitary microadenoma. Clinical findings and response to treatment. Hormones (Athens). 2006Jul-Sep;5(3):205-9. PubMed PMID: 16950755.
16
13. Singer FR. Fibrous dysplasia of bone: the bone lesion unmasked. Am J Pathol 1997;151:1511-5.
17
14. Leet AI, Magur E, Lee JS, Wientroub S, Robey PG, Collins MT. Fibrous dysplasia in the spine: Prevalence of lesions and associations with scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004; 86:531-7.
18
15. Lietman SA, Ding C, Levine MA. A highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction method detects activating mutations of the GNAS gene in peripheral blood cells in McCune-Albright syndrome or isolated fibrous dysplasia. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005; 87:2489-94.
19
16. Lane JM, Khan SN, O'Connor WJ, Nydick M, Hommen JP, Schneider R, et al. Bisphosphonate therapy in fibrous dysplasia. ClinOrthopRelat Res 2001; 382:6-12.
20
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nosocomial Infections and Antibiotic Administration in Pediatric Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad-Iran
Introduction: Nosocomial Infections (NI) are a frequent and relevant problem, in other hands; those are responsible of mortality especially in pediatric ICU( Intensive Care Unit) and NICUs (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit). Healthcare-associated infections are important in wide-ranging concern in the medical field. The most cause of Nosocomial infection include: bloodstream infection, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and wound infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of the three most common NI in the Pediatric department. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective study in a single Pediatric department during 12 months. Children were assessed for 3 NI: wound infections, pneumonia and urinary tract infections (UTI), as the same method as Center of Disease Control criteria. All patients were followed up and individuals who had have NI and their treatment was entered in this study. Results: In this study 811 patients were hospitalized that 60% of them were male and were older than 60 months. The main causes of hospitalization include: toxicity, seizure, respiratory infection and fever. Among them 15 cases had NI (1.87%). The most NI occurred in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and it was followed in aspect of intubation. The most cultured organism was pseudomonas that they suspected to ceftazidime and isolate from blood and endotracheal tube. Conclusion: NI presence was associated with increased mortality and length of stay in hospital. This study highlights the importance of NIs in children admitted to a pediatric department especially PICU in a developing country. Clinical monitoring of NIs and bacterial resistance profiles are required in all pediatric units.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_2594_5d3667d5b2f5cdac48383b10f422b5e5.pdf
2014-04-01
157
161
10.22038/ijp.2014.2594
Antibiotic
Nosocomial infection
Pediatric Department
Abdolkarim
Hamedi
1
Professor of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Preventable by Vaccine Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hadi
Amirian
2
Professor of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Preventable by Vaccine Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Samaneh
Kouzegaran
3
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Preventable by Vaccine Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Michael J, Richards MB, FRACP; Jonathan R. Edwards, David H Culver,
1
Et al. Nosocomial Infections in Pediatric Intensive Care Units in the United Statesand the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Pediatrics Apr 2013;103(4):1-7.
2
2. R. Monina Klevens, Jonathan R. Edwards, Chesley L. Estimating Health Care-Associated Infections and Deaths in U.S. Hospitals, 2002. Public Health Rep 2007 Mar-Apr; 122(2): 160–166.
3
3. Haidee T Custodio, Russell W Steele. Hospital-Acquired Infections medscape: Jun 21, 2012.
4
4. Joan Newby MSN, RN, NNP-BC. Nosocomial Infection in Neonates: Inevitable or Preventable? J Perinat Neonat Nurs 2008;22(3):221-227.
5
5. Hospital-acquired infection. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital-acquired_infection .On line Apr2013.
6
6. Mara R Becerra, José A Tantaleán, Víctor J Suárez, Margarita C Alvarado, Jorge L Candela and Flor C Urcia. Epidemiologic surveillance of nosocomial infections in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a developing country. BMC Pediatrics 2010; 10(66):1-9.
7
7. Pinar Keskinocak. Hospital Acquired Infections andIntervention Strategies.H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial & Systems EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology.
8
8. Iyad Naeem MS, Baqir S. Naqvi, Khursheed Hashimi, and Shahnaz Gouhar. Incidence Rate and Distribution of Paediatric nosocomial Infections. Pakistan Journal of Pharmacology Jan 2007; 24(1):53-59.
9
9. Klevens RM1, Edwards JR, Richards CL Jr, Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Pollock DA, et al. Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in U.S. hospitals, 2002. Public Health Rep 2007 Mar-Apr;122(2):160-6.
10
10. Saloojee H, Steenhoff A. The health professional's role in preventing nosocomial infections. Postgrad Med J 2001; 77:16-19.
11
11. Behzadnia S, Davoudi A, Rezai MS, Ahangarkani F. Nosocomial infections in pediatric population and antibiotic resistance of the causative organisms in north of iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014 Feb; 16(2):e14562. 12. Ruvinsky S, Mónaco A, Pérez G, Taicz M, Inda L, Epelbaum C, et all. Effectiveness of a program to improve antibiotic use in children hospitalized in a children's tertiary care facility in Argentina. Arch Argent Pediatr 2014 Apr;112(2):124-131.
12
13. Bedenić B, Prahin E, Vranić-Ladavac M, Atalić V, Sviben M, Frančula-Zaninović S, et all. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates from paediatric intensive care units in Zagreb. Med Glas (zenica) 2014 Feb; 11(1):72-9.
13
14. Singh-Naz N, Sprague BM, Patel KM, Pollack MM. Risk assessment and standardized nosocomial infection rate in critically ill children.Crit Care Med 2000 Jun;28(6):2069-75.
14
15. Pong A1, Bradley JS. Clinical challenges of nosocomial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens in pediatrics. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2004 Jan;15(1):21-9.
15
16. Raymond J, Aujard Y. Nosocomial infections in pediatric patients: a European, multicenter prospective study. European Study Group. Infect Control Hosp Epidmiol 2000 Apr; 21(4):260-3.
16
17. Honeycutt TC, El Khashab M, Wardrop RM 3rd, McNeal-Trice K, Honeycutt AL, Christy CG, et all . Probiotic administration and the incidence of nosocomial infection in pediatric intensive care: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2007 Sep; 8(5):452-8.
17