ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM) of Lung in an Infant: A Case Report from Jammu & Kashmir, Northern India
Congenital cystic Adenomatoid malformation is a rare developmental abnormality of the lung occuring in 1-4/100000 live births.In most cases the outcome with CCAM in fetus is very good,while in some cases the outcome is very bad and can be life threatning for the fetus.we report here a case of 40 day old female infant who presented with worsening respiratory distress since birth and x ray and CT chest were suggestive of Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid malformation.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4167_912785f6534ad6a9d73ea0c93be22266.pdf
2015-04-01
481
484
10.22038/ijp.2015.4167
CCAM
Cystic lesion
respiratory distress
Sudesh
Singh
manhas.sudesh6@gmail.com
1
Government Medical College ,Jammu & Kashmir, India.
AUTHOR
Imran
Gattoo
immz24@gmail.com
2
Government Medical College Srinagar, India.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sanjeev
Digra
sanjeevahsaas@yahoo.co.in
3
Government Medical College, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
AUTHOR
Saloni
Bakshi
bakshisaloni15@gmail.com
4
Government Medical College, Jammu &Kashmir, India.
AUTHOR
1. Sood M, Sharma S. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung-A case report. Currt Pediatr Res 2011;15:61-3.
1
2. Feng A, Cai H, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Chen L, Meng F. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung in adults: 2 rare cases report and review of the literature. Diagn Pathol 2012;7:37
2
3. Adizick NS et al. Fetal lung lesions: management and outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 179(4):1998; 884-9.
3
4. Adzick NS Management of fetal lung lesions. Clin Perinatol. 30(3): 2003; 481-92.
4
5. Lujan M et al. Late onset congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung. Embryology, clinical symptomatology, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic approach and clinical follow-up. Respiration. 69(2): 2002; 148-54.
5
6. Sauvat F et al. Management of asymptomatic neonatal cystic adenomatoid malformation. J Pediatr Surg. 38(4): 2003; 548-52
6
6. Cloutier MM, Schaeffer DA, Hight D. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Chest 1993;103:761-4.
7
7. Laberge JM et al. Outcome of the prenatally diagnosed CCAM: a Canadian experience. Fetal Diagn Ther. 16(3): 2001; 178-86
8
8. Sindhwani G, Whig J, Gupta A, Rawat J. Tuberculosis in congeniatal adenomatoid malformation: a rare presentation. Lung India 2007;24:148-9.
9
9. Parikh D et al. Congenital cystic lung lesions: is surgical resection essential?. Padiatr Pulmonol. 40(6) 2005; 533-7.
10
10. Miller JA et al. CCAM in the fetus; Natural History and Predictors of outcome, Journal of Pediatric Sur- gery, Vol 31 No. 6(June), 1996:pp 805-808.
11
11. Heij HA et al. Diagnosis of CCAM of the lung in newborn infants and children. Thorax 1990; 45:122-5.
12
12. Gardikis S et al.Spontaneous Pneumothorax resulting from CCAM in a pre-term infant: Case report and literature review. Eur J pediatr Surg 2002;12:195
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Onychomycosis: A Rare Presentation of Fungal Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Extremely Preterm Neonate
Onychomycosis refers to nail infections caused by any fungus, including yeasts and nondermatophyte molds. Fungal infection has emerged as an important cause of neonatal infections with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in extremely low and very low birth weight infants. We report a 24-days-old boy who presented with onychomycosis on left ring finger nail associated with fungal urine tract infection. Nail finding helped us in detecting fungal urinary tract infection (UTI). Further studies are needed to evaluate the etiologies and treatment of neonatal onychomycosis, and dermatologists should pay attention to this rare event. Hence we are reporting this rare case.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4156_1393f66c6267626298dcb615d05f04f0.pdf
2015-04-01
485
487
10.22038/ijp.2015.4156
Oychomycosis
neonate
UTI
Shilpa
Kalane
drshilpakalane@gmail.com
1
DNB Neonatology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sumeet
Pitkar
shilpauk1@gmail.com
2
MD, DNB, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
AUTHOR
Arati
Rajhans
umeshkalane@yahoo.com
3
MD, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
AUTHOR
Kossoff EH, Buescher ES, Karlowicz MG. Candidemia in a neonatal intensive care unit: trends during fifteen years and clinical features of 111 cases. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998; 17:504.
1
Beck-Sague CM, Azimi P, Fonseca SN, et al. Bloodstream infections in neonatal intensive care unit patients: results of a multicenter study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13:1110.
2
Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 2002; 110:285.
3
Fridkin SK, Kaufman D, Edwards JR, et al. Changing incidence of Candida bloodstream infections among NICU patients in the United States: 1995-2004. Pediatrics 2006; 117:1680.
4
Angelica Dessi. Neonatal fungal infections: new strategies in diagnosis. Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine 2014;3(2):e030222 doi: 10.7363/030222.
5
Manzoni P, Mostert M, Castagnola E. Update on the management of Candida infections in preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2015 Jan 20.
6
Giannattasio, Veropalumbo, Mari et al. Treatment of fungal infections an update. Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine 2014;3(2):e030242 doi: 10.7363/030242
7
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Silent Tachypnoea in a Neonate: A Rare Presentation of Right Side Bochdalek Hernia with Intrathoracic Kidney
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare condition. The reported incidence of intrathoracic renal ectopia due to CDH is also rare. A right-sided thoracic kidney is much less common due to the location of the liver. Isolated intrathoracic kidney is usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on chest imaging. The authors report on a 21days old female infant with late-presenting right sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia associated with intrathoracic ectopic kidney and adrenal gland. Prenatal ultrasound showed no pathology. A female baby was investigated for silent tachypnoea, a chest x-ray confirmed the diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the postnatal ultrasound revealed a right-sided kidney herniation. On computed tomography (CT) scan intrathoracic ectopic kidney was diagnosed. CDH is an delivery room emergency. This case had complex anatomy of right side CDH and intrathoracic kidney and presentation was only tachypnoea. Hence we are reporting this case.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4166_08ba4baa7260f536ff010757292f8de2.pdf
2015-04-01
489
492
10.22038/ijp.2015.4166
Diaphragmatic-hernia
Kidney
Thoracic
tachypnoea
Shilpa
Kalane
drshilpakalane@gmail.com
1
Consultant Neonatologist at Sahyadri Speciality Hospital, Nagar road, Pune, India.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Umesh
Vaidya
shilpauk1@gmail.com
2
Consultant Neonatologist at Sahyadri Speciality Hospital, Nagar road, Pune, India.
AUTHOR
Suryawanshi
Pradeep
shilpauk1@yahoo.com
3
Senior consultant Neonatologist at Sahyadri Speciality Hospital, Nagar road, Pune, India.
AUTHOR
Shashank
Shrotriya
umeshkalane@gmail.com
4
Consultant Pediatric surgeon, Sahyadri Speciality Hospital, Nagar road, Pune, India.
AUTHOR
1. Fiaschetti V, Velari L, Gaspari E, Mastrangeli R, Simonetti G. Adult intra-thoracic kidney: A case report of bochdalek hernia. Case Report Med. 2010;2010:pii 975168.
1
2. Motiani PD, Gupta PK, Aseri KC, Agarwal KC. Bochdalek hernia on the right side in an adult - case report and review. Lung India. 1991;9:63–5.
2
3. Tubbs RS, Gribben WB, Loukas M, Shoja MM, Tubbs KO, Oakes WJ. Franz Kaspar Hesselbach (1759-1816): Anatomist and surgeon. World J Surg. 2008;32:2527–9.
3
4. Mensah YB, Forson C. Left thoracic kidney: A rare finding at intravenous urography. Ghana Med J. 2010;44:39–40.
4
5. Woodward M, Evans K. Abnormalities of migration and fusion of the kidneys. Oceanan Therapeutics Ltd. 2011.
5
6. Drop A, Czekajska-Chehab E, Maciejewski R, Staśkiewicz GJ, Torres K. Thoracic ectopic kidney in adults. A report of 2 cases. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2003;62:313–6.
6
7. Ramaprasad G, Vidyasagar B. Bochdaleks hernia simulating pleural effusion. Lung India. 1989;7:95–6.
7
8. Mirza B, Bashir Z, Sheikh A. Congenital right hemidiaphragmatic agenesis. Lung India. 2012;29:53–5.
8
9. Hithaishi C, Padmanabhan S, Kumar BS, Kalawat TC, Venkatarammappa M, Siva Kumar V. Ectopic thoracic kidney- a case report. Indian J Nephrol. 2003;13:79–80.
9
10. Chang SW, Lee HC, Yeung CY, et al. A twenty-year review of early and late-presenting congenital Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia: are they different clinical spectra? Pediatr Neonatol 2010;51:26–30
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Socioeconomic and Health System Factors on Infant Mortality Rate in Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): Evidence from 2004 to 2013
Background: infant mortality rate is one of the main health indicators for assessing the health system’s performance over the world. We aim to examine the socioeconomic and health system factors affect infant mortality in OPEC from 2004 to 2013. Methods: was used to examine the effects of some of the key explanatory factors (total fertility rate per women, GDP per capita (current US$), public health expenditure as % of total health expenditure and female labor force participation rate) on infant mortality in OPEC from 2004 to 2013. These data were obtained from World Bank and World Health Organization data bank. Results: our results showed the total fertility rate had a positive and significant impact on infant mortality in the studied period. Also, there are negative significant associations between GDP per capita and public health expenditure with infant mortality. We did not observe any relationship between infant mortality and female labour force participation rate in the studied countries from 2004 to 2013. Conclusion: total fertility rate per women, GDP per capita (current US$), public health expenditure as % of total health expenditure were identified as the main factors affecting on infant mortality in OPEC over the ten years (2004-2013). This study enables health policy-makers to better understand the factors affecting on infant mortality and thereby take necessary steps in managing and decreasing the infant mortality rate in the studied countries.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4087_b659353631539bd941bc3f8704676e80.pdf
2015-04-01
493
499
10.22038/ijp.2015.4087
Infant mortality
Socioeconomic factors
Health system
OPEC
Satar
Rezaei
1
School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Khadije
Jamshidi
2
Students research committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Khalil
Moradi
moradi.khalil12@gmail.com
3
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Mustafa HE, Odimegwu C. Socioeconomic determinants of infant mortality in Kenya: analysis of Kenya DHS 2003. J Humanit Soc Sci 2008;2:1934-722.
1
2. Madise NJ, Banda EM, Benaya KW. Infant mortality in Zambia: socioeconomic and demographic correlates. Biodemography and Social Biology 2003;50(1-2):148-66.
2
3. Reidpath DD, Allotey P. Infant mortality rate as an indicator of population health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2003;57(5):344-6.
3
4. Zakir M, Wunnava PV. Factors affecting infant mortality rates: evidence from cross–sectional data. Applied Economics Letters 1999;6(5):271-3.
4
5. Rezaei S, Karami Matin B, Homaie Rad E. Socioeconomic Determinants of Infant Mortality in Iranian Children: A Longitudinal Econometrics Analysis. Int J Pediatr 2015;3(1.1):375-80.
5
6. Anil Shetty, Shetty S. The correlation of health spending and infant mortality rate in Asian countries Int J Contemp Pediatr 2014;1(2):100-5.
6
7. Ester PV, Torres A, Freire JM, Hernández V, Gil Á. Factors associated to infant mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Public Health in Africa 2011;2(2):e27.
7
8. Dallolio L, Gregori V, Lenzi J, Franchino G, Calugi S, Domenighetti G. Socio-economic factors associated with infant mortality in Italy: an ecological study. Int J Equity Health 2012;11(1):45.
8
9. Rezaei S, Moradi K, Karami Matin B. Macro Determinants of Infant Mortality in ECO Countries: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis. Int J Pediatr 2015;3(1.2):449-55.
9
10. Zatoñski W, Mikucka M, La Vecchia C, Boyle P. Infant mortality in Central Europe: effects of transition. Gaceta Sanitaria 2006;20(1):63-6.
10
11. Sharifzadeh GhR, Namakin K, Mehrjoofard H. An Epidemiological Study on Infant Mortality and Factors Affecting it in Rural Areas of Birjand, Iran. ran J Pediatr 2008;18 (4):335-42.
11
12. UNICEF. The state of the world's children 2006: excluded and invisible: Unicef; 2005.
12
13. Mutunga CJ, editor Environmental determinants of child mortality in urban Kenya. Discussed in an informal workshop held at the Abdus Salam ICTP: Trieste, Italy; 2004.
13
14. Sartorius B , Sartorius K: Global infant mortality trends and attributable determinants – an ecological study using data from 192 countries for the period 1990–2011. Population Health Metrics 2014; 12:29.
14
15. Muldoon KA, Galway LP, Nakajima M, Kanters S, Hogg RS, Bendavid E, et al. Health system determinants of infant, child and maternal mortality: A cross-sectional study of UN member countries. Global Health. 2011;7:42.
15
16. Olson ME, Diekema D, Elliott BA, Renier CM. Impact of income and income inequality on infant health outcomes in the United States. Pediatrics 2010;126(6):1165-73.
16
17. Jiménez-Rubio D. The impact of fiscal decentralization on infant mortality rates: Evidence from OECD countries. Social Science & Medicine 2011;73(9):1401-7.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Training Diabetes Prevention Behaviors on Promotion of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Students for Prevention of Diabetes in Mashhad City
Introduction: Diabetes is a complex metabolic disease that not only inheritance, but also lifestyle and knowledge of individuals about the disease have an important role in the prevalence of it. The current study was carried out with purpose of determining the effect of training on doing diabetes prevention behaviors among students in Mashhad. Methods: In this semi- empirical study, 102 students (51 for test and 51 for control) were examined by multistage random sampling. Educational content included 4 sessions each lasted for 2 hours using methods such as lectures, question and answer, slide show about the diabetes disease, its complications and prevention methods and questionnaires were completed by students in three stages (before the intervention, immediately after intervention and two months after the intervention). Data analysis was performed by SPSS16 software and independent T, repeated measurement and descriptive tests. Results: The results of this study showed that before the training there were no significant differences between test and control groups in terms of the mean knowledge, attitude and practice score but after the training a significant increase was observed in the test group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence diabetes among people and irreparable complications of the disease in old ages, training in adolescence in order to enhance their knowledge, attitude and practice in prevention of the diabetes can be considered as an effective step.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4168_a6c4a67e0d0287142cfddd4b76ed132f.pdf
2015-04-01
501
507
10.22038/ijp.2015.4168
Training
Prevention
Diabetes
Students
Nooshin
Peyman
1
PhD, Associate Professor, Health Science Research Center, Department of Health and Management,
School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mansoureh
Alipour Anbarani
2
MSc, Student of Health Education, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Chrarkzi،AR, Koocheki،GhM, Badele،MT, Gazy،ShB, Akrami،Z, Bakhsh،F. Impact of education on knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in hypertension. Journal of Gorgun University of Medical Science. 2007;9(1):43-8.
1
2. Abbaspour،S, Shamaeeyan،N, Hasanzade،M, Zandi،Z, Sepehri،A. Self-care behaviors among diabetic patients referred to a selected hospital clinic in Torbat-e-Heydarieh. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. 2013;1(1):65-70.
2
3. Faramarzi،H, Bagheri،P, Bahrampour،A, Halimi،L, Rahimi،N, Ebrahimi،M. The Comparison of Prevalence of Diabete and Hypertension Between Rural Areas of Fars and Rural Area of EMRO Region. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2011;13(2):157-64.
3
4. Arazi،H, Afkhami،MR. Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Blood Pressure and Pain Threshold in Type 2 Diabetic Overweight Patients. Knowledge & Health. 2013;8(2):57-61.
4
5. Javadi،A, Javadi،M, Sarveghadi،F. The survey Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diabetic Patients Diabetes Center Booali Sina in Ghazvin in relation to diabetes. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2005;11(3):46-51.
5
6. Rees R, Kavanagh J, Harden A, Shepherd J, Brunton G, Oliver S, et al. Young people and physical activity: a systematic review matching their views to effective interventions. Health education research. 2006;21(6):806-25.
6
7. Alidoosti،M, Hemmati،Z. The effect of education on knowledge and Performance in theType1diabetes students counterparts at high schools kord city. Preventive Care in Nursing & Midwifery Journal. 2012;3(1):12-21.
7
8. Eisenmann JC. Physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents: an overview. The Canadian journal of cardiology. 2004;20(3):295-301.
8
9. Guidelines for School Health Programs to Promote Physical Activity. Available from: www.cdc.gov/healtyYouth/Phisical Activity/.
9
10. Rezaee،N, Tahbaz،F, Kimiagar،M, Alavimajd،H. Study the effect of diet on biochemical indices, nutritional status, knowledge, attitudes and behavior of patients with Type 1 diabetes. Iranian Journal of Diabetes And Lipid Disorders. 2007;5(3):245-55.
10
11. Stebsary،F. Investigated impact of educational program intervention on physical activity. PAYAVARD SALAMAT Journal. 2009;2(4):56-63.
11
12. Baranowski T, Davis M, Resnicow K, Baranowski J, Doyle C, Lin LS, et al. Gimme 5 fruit, juice, and vegetables for fun and health: outcome evaluation. Health Education & Behavior. 2000;27(1):96-111.
12
13. O'Brien G, Davies M. Nutrition knowledge and body mass index. Health education research. 2007;22(4):571-5.
13
14. Bordbar،L. Evaluation of the effect of Education on nutrition habits and knowledge of elementary school students infourth and fifth classes of district no 2 Tehran: Tehran Medical Science University of Iran; 1996.
14
15. Risvas G, Panagiotakos DB, Zampelas A. Factors affecting food choice in Greek primary-school students: ELPYDES study. Public health nutrition. 2008;11(06):639-46.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Correlation of Serum Zinc Level with Simple Febrile Seizures: A Hospital based Prospective Case Control Study
Background: Febrile seizures are one of the most common neurological conditions of childhood. It seems that zinc deficiency is associated with increased risk of febrile seizures.Aim: To estimate the serum Zinc level in children with simple Febrile seizures and to find the correlation between serum zinc level and simple Febrile seizures.Materials and Methods: The proposed study was a hospital based prospective case control study which included infants and children aged between 6 months to 5 years, at Post Graduate Department of Pediatrics, (SMGS) Hospital, GMC Jammu, northern India. A total of 200 infants and children fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. Patients were divided into 100(cases) in Group A with simple febrile seizure and 100(controls) in Group B of children with acute febrile illness without seizure. All patients were subjected to detailed history and thorough clinical examination followed by relevant investigations.Results: Our study had slight male prepondance of 62% in cases and 58% in controls . Mean serum zinc level in cases was 61.53±15.87 ugm/dl and in controls it was 71.90+18.50 ugm/dl .Serum zinc level was found significantly low in cases of simple febrile seizures as compaired to controls ,with p value of
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4109_536afcbb1a728d974959225a1ad4672e.pdf
2015-04-01
509
515
10.22038/ijp.2015.4109
Simple Febrile seizures
serum zinc levels
Children
convulsions and epilepsy
Imran
Gattoo
immz24@gmail.com
1
Government Medical College Srinagar, India.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rekha
Harish
kkrhdang.@gmail.com
2
Govt Medical College Jammu, India.
AUTHOR
Sheikh
Quyoom Hussain
drquyoom01.dq.@gmail.com
3
Govt Medical College Srinagar, India.
AUTHOR
1. American Academy of Pediatrics. American Academy of' Pediatrics: Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management, Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures. Febrile Seizures: clinical practice guideline for the long-term management of the child with simple febrile seizures. Pediatrics 2008;121:1281-6.
1
2. Millichap JG, Millichap JJ. Role of viral infections in the etiology of febrile seizures. Pediatr Neurol 2006 ;35(3): 165-72.
2
3. Holtzman ft Obana K, Olson J. Hyperthermia- induced seizures in the rat pup: a model for febrile convulsions in children. Science 1981;213:1034-6.
3
4. Tsai FJ, Hsieh YY, Chang CC. Polymorphisms for interleukin I beta exon 5 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in Taiwanese children with febrile convulsions. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002; 156:545-8.
4
5.
5
Virta M. Hurme M, Helminen M. Increased plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with febrile seizures. Epilepsia 2002;43:920-3.
6
6. Amiri M, Farzin L, Moassesi ME, Sajadi F. Serum Trace Element Levels in Febrile Convulsion. Biol Tr Elem Res 2010;135(1):38-44.
7
7. Kumari PL, Nair MK, Nair SM, Kailas L, Geetha S. Iron deficiency as a risk factor !br simple febrile seizures - a case control study. Indian Pediatr 2011; 49:17-9.
8
8. Ebadi M, Wilt 5, Ramaley R. The role of Zinc and Zinc-binding proteins in regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase in brain. Chemical and biological aspects of vitamin B6, Catalysis. New York: Alan R Liss; 1984;255-275.
9
9. Cossart R, Bernard C, Ben-Ari Y. Multiple facets of GABAergic neurons and synapses: multiple fates of GABA signalling in epilepsies. Trends Neurosci 2005;28:108-15.
10
10. Macdonald RL, Kang JQ. Molecular pathology of genetic epilepsies associated with GABAA receptor subunit mutations. Epilepsy Curr 2009; 9:18-23.
11
11. Ehsani F, Vahid-Harandi M, Kany K. Determination of serum Zinc in children affected by febrile convulsion and comparison with control group. The Journal of Iranian Medical Sciences University 2006; 12:219-76.
12
12. Margaretha L, Masloman N. Correlation between serum Zinc level and simple febrile seizure in children. Pediatr Indones 2010;50(6):326-30.
13
13. Iman Abd El Rehim Mohamed Aly, Howyda Mohamed Kmal, Doaa Refaey Soliman and Mona Hassan Mohamed. Iron profile parameters and serum zinc & copper levels in children with febrile convulsions in Banha. Journal of American Science 2014;10(7)
14
14. Srinivasa , Manjunath. Serum zinc levels in children with simple seizures..Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences 2014
15
15. Siddarth S. Joshi and Sumanth Shetty. Zinc levels in Febrile Seizures. International Journal of Biomedical Research 2014
16
16. Ganesh R, Janakiraman L. Serum Zinc levels in children with simple febrile seizure. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2008;47:164-6.
17
17. Heydarian F, Ashrafzadeh F, Ghasemian A. Serum Zinc level in patients with simple febrile seizure. Iran J Child Neurology 2010;4(2):41-4.
18
18. Mahyar A, Pahlavan A, Varasteh-Nijad A. Serum Zinc level in children with febrile seizure. Acta Medica Iranica 2008;46(6):67-9.
19
19. Kafadar I. Akini AB. Pekun F. Ada E. The Role of Serum Zinc Level in Febrile Convulsion Etiology. J Pediatr 1nf 2012;6:90-3.
20
20. Talebian A, Vakili Z. Talar SA, Kazerni M. Mousavi GA. Assessment of the relation between serum Zinc and magnesium levels in children with febrile convulsion. Iranian Journal of Pathology 2009;4:157-60.
21
21. Guzman AR, Castillejos EL, Vicuña WL, Laguia VL, Balarezo W. Gurreoner RL. Anemia: a possible risk factor for the first febrile seizure. Paediatrica 2005;7(2):62-5.
22
22. Günduz Z, Yavuz I, Koparal M, Kurnanda S. Saraymen R. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid Zinc levels in children with febrile convulsions. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1996;3
23
23. World Health Organization and United Nations Children Fund. Clinical management of acute diarrhoea. WHO/UNICEF Joint Statement; 2004. 8(3):237-41
24
24. Okposio Matthias M, Wilson Sadoh, Gabriel Ofovwe, Alphonsus Onyiriuka. Serum Zinc level in Nigerian children with febrile convulsion. Journal of Pediatric Neurology 2012;10 (3).
25
25. Barhanoglu M, Tutuncuoglu 5, Coker C, Tekgul H, Ozgur T. HypoZincaemia in febrile convulsion. Eur J Pediatr 1996;155(6):498-501.
26
26. Modarresi MR, Shahkarami SMA, Yaghini 0, Shahbi J, Mosaiiebi D, Mahmoodian T. The relationship between Zinc deficiency and Febrile seizures.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Diet on Learning of Junior High School Students in Mashhad, North-east of Iran
Introduction Since nutrition, especially in childhood and adolescence is an important effect on intelligence and learning, so that malnutrition delayed to later periods of life, so that these people during the course of studies, will have many problems, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nutrition on student learning. Materials and Methods This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted. The sample size was all students that studying in a boarding school in five district of Mashhad-Iran. The valid and reliable questionnaire, consisted of 19 questions and specialized feeding habits of the students. Data were analyzed with spss-13 software. Results 90 students participated in the study guide. 48.9 % were second grade and 51.1 % were third grade of Junior High School. 24.4% of students in their grade point average were between was between 15-13; 65.6% were 15-18 and also 10% of them their grade point average were between 18-20. 67.8% of students said that they love so much sweetmeat and 61.1% of students with food, pickles and salt used as high. Results showed that 38.8% of students had used too much salt in food, and on the other hand, 27.8% of students had used salt moderate. Results showed that students who had a grade average lower, the consumption of fish, red and white meat, green and orange vegetables and dairy products were lower than the other students (p <0.05). Conclusion Students who had better nutritional behavior (consumption of Breakfast, fruits and vegetables and dairy products were more than the other students) had higher average scores than other students.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4139_26cce0ab1ea63cf7f8ff2935e4d10ad1.pdf
2015-04-01
517
526
10.22038/ijp.2015.4139
Nutrition
Students
Learning
Mashhad
Zahra
Saeidi
1
Management Education, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Rahim
Vakili
vakilir @ mums. ac.ir
2
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amirhosein
Ghazizadeh Hashemi
3
Assistant Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Masumeh
Saeidi
4
Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
1.Kord Afshari Gh, Mohammadi Kenari H, Esmaeili SS. Nutrition in Medicine Persian, Islamic . Tehran Publications: Tehran; 2010. 2. Saeidi M, Vakili R, Hoseini BL, Khakshour A, Zarif B, Nateghi S. Assessment the Relationship Between Parents' Literacy Level with Children Growth in Mashhad: An Analytic Descriptive Study. Int J Pediatr 2013;1(2): 39-43. 3. Saeidi M, Vakili R, Khakshour A, Taghizadeh Moghaddam H, Zarif B; Nateghi S, et al. Iron and Multivitamin Supplements in Children and its Association with Growth rate. Int J Pediatr 2013; 1(1): 13-17. 4. Vakili R, Yazdan Bakhsh M, Vahedian M, Mahmoudi M, Saeidi M, Vakili S. The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Linear Growth and Growth Factors in Primary Schoolchildren in the Suburbs Mashhad, Iran. Int J Pediatr 2015;3(Suppl.2-1): 1-7.
1
5. Torabi P. Food Journal 2010; 40(12): 27-34.
2
6. Bagherinia Sh, Moshfeghi S, Safavi AS. Principles of proper nutrition during pregnancy. Persistent Thought: Ghom; 2013.
3
7. Ivanovic DM, Rodríguez Mdel P, Pérez HT, Alvear JA, Almagià AF, Toro TD, Urrutia MS, Cruz AL, Ivanovic RM. Impact of nutritional status at the onset of elementary school on academic aptitude test achievement at the end of high school in a multicausal approach. Br J Nutr 2009 Jul;102(1):142-54.
4
8. Perlman AI, Worobey J, O'Sullivan Maillet J, Touger-Decker R, Hom DL, Smith JK. Multivitamin/Mineral supplementation does not affect standardized assessment of academic performance in elementary school children. J Am Diet Assoc 2010 ; 110(7):1089-93.
5
9. Belansky ES, Cutforth N, Delong E, Litt J, Gilbert L, Scarbro S, et al. Early effects of the federally mandated Local Wellness Policy on school nutrition environments appear modest in Colorado's rural, low-income elementary schools. J Am Diet Assoc 2010;110(11):1712-7.
6
10. Karimi H, Sam Sh, Sajjadi P. Health and nutritional status of school children Ramsar. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences 2008;10(1): 67-76.
7
11. Inderi LL, Albu A, Albu M, et al. Assessment of food intake in rural school children. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Net Iasi 2003; 107(3): 618-21.
8
12. Ahmed F, Zareen M, Khan MR, Banu CP, Hang MN, Jackson AA. Dietary pattern, nutrient intake and growth of adolescent school girls in urban Bangladesh. Public Health Nutr 1998; 1(2): 83-92.
9
13. Park SY, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, et al. Dietary pattern using the food guide pyramid groups are associated with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors: the multiethnic cohort study. J Nutr 2005; 135(4): 843-9.
10
14. Cooke LY, Wardle J, Gibson EL, Sapochnik M, Sheiham A, Lawson M. Demographic, familial and trait predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption by pre–school children. Public Health Nutr 2004; 7(2): 295-302.
11
15. Pour Abdollahi P, Mehrangiz Ebrahimi, Kooshavar H. Pattern of food intake and growth status of preschool children in Tabriz kindergartens Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences & Health Services 2004; 61(1) : 22-6.
12
16. Khani Moghaddam R, Soheili Azad H, Razaghi Moghaddam AA, Nemati M. Factors among Primary School Students Ghazvin Pattern of Breakfast and Snack Consumption and Their Effective. Journal of health 2010; 2(4): 60-6.
13
17. Soheili Azad A, Nourjah N, Norouzi F. Survey the Eating Pattern between Elementary Students in Langrood 2007; 16 (62):36-41.
14
18. Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Angoorany P, Keshavarz S, Rahimi A, Ahmady B. Comparison of two nutrition education techniquies on breakfast-eating practice in primary school girls, Tehran. sjsph. 2006; 4 (1):65-72.
15
19. J Baghdadchi, R Amani , N Khajeh Mugahi. Assessment of the effects of breakfast on concentration span short-term memory of school children. RJMS 2002; 8 (27) :535-39.
16
20. Park SY, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, et al. Dietary pattern using the food guide pyramid groups are associated with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors: the multiethnic cohort study. J Nutr 2005; 135(4): 843-9.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Undernutrition among Preschool Children under Five Attending Pediatric OPD in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northeastern India
Background: Prevalence of undernutrition in developing countries, though on the declining trend, is still a cause for alarm.The prevalence in India is among the highest in the world. In such a scenario,this study was undertaken to find out the nutritional status of under five children attending the pediatric OPD of a tertiary care hospital of North East india. Methodology: The study was an OPD based cross sectional study carried out at the Pediatric OPD, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong.The study was carried out from 1stJanuary 2012 – 31st December 2012. Weight and Height was taken by trained staff following standard anthropometric techniques. A total of 6624 children aged 0-60 months were included in the study.Results: A total of 6624 children aged 0-60 months were enrolled during 1st January 2012 – 31st December 2012 in the Pediatric OPD, NEIGRIHMS. Out of these, 6183 children were included in the present analyses. Overall the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 19.7%, 35.5% and 8.5% respectively. Of these, 9.0%, 19.7% and 3.4% children were found to be severely underweight, stunted and wasted. It was observed that the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was significantly higher in boys than girls. Based on the World Health Organization classification of severity in malnutrition, the overall prevalence of underweight (>19%) and stunting (>30%) was high. While the prevalence rates of wasting (5–9%) were medium. Conclusion: The nutritional status of the subjects is unsatisfactory. There is scope for a detailed community based study and nutritional interventions
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4073_a0da3009a5d12d98b665bf88332dbd64.pdf
2015-04-01
527
533
10.22038/ijp.2015.4073
Children
Underweight
Stunting
Wasting
Nutritional Status
Shillong
Sourabh
Duwarah
duwarahsourabh@gmail.com
1
Department of Pediatric Discipline, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health & Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Samiran
Bisai
samiranbisai@yahoo.com
2
Department of Pediatric Discipline, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health & Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
AUTHOR
Himesh
Barman
himeshbarman@gmail.com
3
Department of Pediatric Discipline, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health & Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effects of Lavender Scent on Pain of Blood Sampling in Term Neonates
Introduction After birth, many infants were in hospital undergo repeated invasive procedures and because there is increasing evidence of short-term and long-term adverse neurodevelopment consequences, pain management in neonates is very important. Methods and Materials This was a quasi experimental study of clinical trial type that carried out on 80 term neonate that were allocated to two intervention (40 neonates) and control (40 neonates) groups. In experimental group, infants at night for 8 hours before blood sampling were exposed to the scent of lavender. And the next day, at the time of blood sampling was used of the scent of lavender. Simultaneously with the needle, pain assessment scale scores Douleur Aigue Nouveau-ne (DAN) or neonatal pain discomfort by a trained person, was calculated and recorded. Duration of crying in seconds from start cry to silence that lasted at least 5 seconds interval was measured. The control group did not receive additional action for pain relief. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16 software. Results Average rating of DAN score was in control group 5.97 ± 1.94 and in experimental group 4.47+1.81. Mann–Whitney test results showed a significant difference in pain scores in the two groups (P=0.001). The crying time between groups was not significant difference (P = 0.12). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the scent of lavender is effective in reducing the pain caused by sampling in term neonates but had no effect on the duration of crying infants. Since neonatal pain management is an important task for nurse, using of the scent of lavender as a non pharmacological method of pain management in neonates requires further investigation.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3830_9b06d5d1389d187bc64f71e41df3b798.pdf
2015-04-01
535
541
10.22038/ijp.2015.3830
Lavender scent
Pain
Term neonates
Naghmeh
Razaghi
1
Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Akram Sadat
Sadat Hoseini
2
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyedeh Zahra
Aemmi
aammiz1@mums.ac.ir
3
M.Sc. in Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tahereh
Mohebbi
4
M.Sc. in Nursing, Hashemi Nezhad Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hassan
Boskabadi
5
Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Lake SW. Barriers to Effective Pain Management in Preterm and Critically Ill Neonates. 2013.
1
2. Carbajal R, Veerapen S, Couderc S, Jugie M, Ville Y. Analgesic effect of breast feeding in term neonates: randomised controlled trial. BMJ: British Medical Journal. 2003;326(7379):13.
2
3. Cong X, Delaney C, Vazquez V. Neonatal Nurses' Perceptions of Pain Assessment and Management in NICUs: A National Survey. Advances in Neonatal Care. 2013;13(5):353-60.
3
4. Johnston CC, Fernandes AM, Campbell-Yeo M. Pain in neonates is different. Pain. 2011;152(3):S65-S73.
4
5. Maddocks‐Jennings W, Wilkinson JM. Aromatherapy practice in nursing: literature review. Journal of advanced nursing. 2004;48(1):93-103.
5
6. Çetinkaya B, Başbakkal Z. The effectiveness of aromatherapy massage using lavender oil as a treatment for infantile colic. International journal of nursing practice. 2012;18(2):164-9.
6
7. Koulivand PH, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. Lavender and the nervous system. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;(2013): 1-10.
7
8. Azari M DR, Mardi A. The Effect of Breastfeeding and Skin to Skin Contact of Mothers and Infants on First Injection Pain of Newborn Infants. Journal of Health. 2012;2(4):46-52. [Persion]
8
9. Sadathosseini AS, Negarandeh R, Movahedi Z. The Effect of a Familiar Scent on the Behavioral and Physiological Pain Responses in Neonates. Pain Management Nursing. 2013;14(4):e196-e203.
9
10. Romantsik O, Porter RH, Varendi H. The effects of olfactory stimulation and gender differences on pain responses in full‐term infants. Acta Paediatrica. 2014;103(11):1130-5.
10
11. Goubet N, Rattaz C, Pierrat V, Bullinger A, Lequien P. Olfactory experience mediates response to pain in preterm newborns. Developmental psychobiology. 2003;42(2):171-80.
11
12. Burns E, Zobbi V, Panzeri D, Oskrochi R, Regalia A. Aromatherapy in childbirth: a pilot randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2007;114(7):838-44.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation on the Effectiveness of Holistic Multi-dimensional Treatment Model (HMTM) in Improvement of CARS Test Indicators in Children suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder
Introduction The goal of research is investigation on the effectiveness of Holistic Multi-dimensional Treatment Model (HMTM) in improvement of CARS test indicators in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and it is done without pharmaceutical interventions, without names and accompanied by parental satisfaction questionnaire. Materials and Methods In this study with purposeful sampling method, 60 autistic children chosen randomly among 6-10 year-old patients were taken under a 12-month observation. At the beginning of this research they were taken the CARS pre-test and then in each month a complete behavioral HMTM checklist and a CARS test was taken. Observing HMTM treatment model, includes intuitive checklist with the aim of intuitive adjustment, abnormal behaviors’ checklist with the aim of decreasing them, individual behaviors’ checklist with the aim of increasing them and emotional interactive behaviors checklist with the aim of improvement that are conducted in statistical tables. Results Results shown a positive impact of HMTM in treatment trend of autism spectrum disorder considering sum of CARS points, also the effect on each CARS test parameters and CARS parameters improvements are meaningful holistic approach in HMTM method has interpreted some vague CARS parameters furthermore (P<0.05). The statistical properties of CARS test with HMTM treatment model, indicates a high correlation coefficient and a significant relationship there was in behavior tables of HMTM and CARS test. Conclusion Holistic multi-dimensional treatment modelhas caused considerable and improvement children’s individual interactions and intuitive balance.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4194_3c35975c60cd54962cd15367cf40bdfb.pdf
2015-04-01
543
553
10.22038/ijp.2015.4194
Autism
ASD
CARS test
Children
HMTM
Maryam
Hojjati
hojjati_37@yahoo.com
1
Autism Center of Noor Hedayar Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ghasem
Sadeghi Bejestani
2
Department of Biomedical Engineering, International University of Imam Reza (AS), Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Farah
Ashrafzadeh
ashrafzadehf@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.
1
2. Baio J. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 14 Sites, United States, 2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries 2012; 61 (3): 1-19.
2
3. Calderoni S, Retico A, Biagi L, Tancredi R, Muratori F, Tosetti M. Female children with autism spectrum disorder: an insight from mass-univariate and pattern classification analyses. Neuroimage 2012;59(2):1013-22.
3
4. Schipul SE, Keller TA, Just MA. Interregional brain communication and its disturbance in autism. Front Syst Neurosci 2011;5:10.
4
5. Verhoeven JS, De Cock P, Lagae L, Sunaert S. Neuroimaging of autism. Neuroradiology 2010;52(1):3-14.
5
6. Von Bertalanffy L. General system theory: Foundations, development, applications: George Braziller New York; 1968.
6
7. Mashhadi A, Soltanifar A, Hojati M, Reebye P, Hosainzadeh- Maleki ZMA. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Holistic Multidimensional Treatment Model (HMTM) and Applied Behavioral Analysis Approach (ABA) in Treatment of Children with ASD. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2010;2(2): 27-35.
7
8. Mayes SD, Calhoun SL, Murray MJ, Pearl A, Black A, Tierney CD. Final DSM-5 under-identifies mild Autism Spectrum Disorder: Agreement between the DSM-5, CARS, CASD, and clinical diagnoses. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2014;8(2):68-73.
8
9. Mayes SD, Black A, Tierney CD. DSM-5 under-identifies PDDNOS: Diagnostic agreement between the DSM-5, DSM-IV, and Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2013;7(2):298-306.
9
10. Sturmey P, Dalfern S. The Effects of DSM5 Autism Diagnostic Criteria on Number of Individuals Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2014;1(4):249-52.
10
11. ZHOU Z-h, BIN X-n, LEI Y-x. The Application of SPSS in Teaching of Medical Statistics [J]. Practical Preventive Medicine 2004;5:101.
11
12. Wang J-T, Jiang E-H, Wang X-G, Zhao X-R, Yao L. Application of SPSS technique in demonstration study data for statistics and analysis. Jisuanji Gongcheng yu Yingyong.Computer Engineering and Applications 2006;42(36):201-3.
12
13. Ling DZYPC. Application of SPSS Software in Orthogonal Design and Result Analysis [J]. Computer Study 2009;5:15-7.
13
14. Stakenas JA, Merrick NP. Application of SPSS to management of computer-assisted instruction usage statistics. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 1982;70(2):231.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Association of HLA-DRB1 Alleles in Juvenile-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in Iranian Children
Introduction Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Many studies show HLA alleles can be associated with SLE. The aim of this study was to determine the association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with juvenile- onset in Iranian children. Materials and Methods At a case – control study, 31 children with systemic lupus erythematosus (case group) who referred to Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Behehsti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, and 56 healthy children (control group) were participant. Genomic DNA was extracted and HLA typing was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with Sequence - Specific Primers (SSP) technique. Results HLA- DRB1*01, HLA- DRB1*04, HLA- DRB1*11 and HLA- DRB1*13 were detected to as most frequent alleles associated with SLE in Iranian children. The frequency of HLA DRB1*08 was not significantly different in both groups (P>0.05(. HLA- DRB1*07 had a higher rate of repetition in the control group than patients with SLE. Conclusion There was a significant difference in the frequency of some alleles between patients and controls group, which could be related to susceptibility to SLE. These differences between frequencies of some alleles in both groups may help to determine the onset of lupus in children.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4234_9118b686314cd1212089fe423e6e8fcd.pdf
2015-04-01
555
560
10.22038/ijp.2015.4234
Autoimmune
HLA- DRB1
PCR-SSP
systemic lupus erythematosus
Shirin
Farivar
1
Genetic Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Masoud
Dehghan Tezerjani
masoud-dehghan@hotmail.com
2
Genetic Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Shiari
3
Department of Pediatrics, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Rhodes B, Vyse TJ. The genetics of SLE: an update in the light of genome-wide association studies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47(11):1603-11.
1
2. Ramal LM, Lopez-Nevot MA, Sabio JM, Jaimez L, Paco L, Sanchez J, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in southern Spain: a comparative clinical and genetic study between Caucasian and Gypsy patients. Lupus 2004;13(12):934-40.
2
3. Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40(9):1725.
3
4. Arnet F. The genetics of human lupus. 5 ed. Wallace DJ HB, editor. Philadelphia: Williams& Wilkins; 1997.
4
5. Furukawa H, Kawasaki A, Oka S, Ito I, Shimada K, Sugii S, et al. Human leukocyte antigens and systemic lupus erythematosus: a protective role for the HLA-DR6 alleles DRB1*13:02 and *14:03. PloS one 2014;9(2):e87792.
5
6. Wilson WA, Scopelitis E, Michalski JP. Association of HLA-DR7 with both antibody to SSA(Ro) and disease susceptibility in blacks with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1984;11(5):653-7.
6
7. Cowland JB, Andersen V, Halberg P, Morling N. DNA polymorphism of HLA class II genes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Tissue Antigens 1994;43(1):34-7.
7
8. Morris DL, Fernando MM, Taylor KE, Chung SA, Nititham J, Alarcon-Riquelme ME, et al. MHC associations with clinical and autoantibody manifestations in European SLE. Genes and immunity 2014;15(4):210-7.
8
9. Barron KS, Silverman ED, Gonzales J, Reveille JD. Clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic studies in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1993;36(3):348-54.
9
10. Liphaus BL, Kiss MH, Goldberg AC. HLA-DRB1 alleles in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: renal histologic class correlations. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007;40(4):591-7.
10
11. Saremi M, Saremi M, Tavallaei M. Rapid genomic DNA extraction (RGDE). Forensic Sci Int Genet 2008;1:63-5.
11
12. Olerup O, Zetterquist H. HLA-DR typing by PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 2 hours: an alternative to serological DR typing in clinical practice including donor-recipient matching in cadaveric transplantation. Tissue Antigens 1992;39(5):225-35.
12
13. Fukuda K, Sugawa K, Wakisaka A, Moriuchi J, Matsuura N, Sato Y. Statistical detection of HLA and disease association. Tissue Antigens 1985;26(2):81-6.
13
14. Wakeland EK, Liu K, Graham RR, Behrens TW. Delineating the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunity 2001;15(3):397-408.
14
15. Azizah MR, Ainoi SS, Kuak SH, Kong NC, Normaznah Y, Rahim MN. The association of the HLA class II antigens with clinical and autoantibody expression in Malaysian Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2001;19(2):93-100.
15
16. Vyse TJ, Todd JA. Genetic analysis of autoimmune disease. Cell 1996;85(3):311-8.
16
17. Endreffy E, Kovacs A, Kovacs L, Pokorny G. HLA class II allele polymorphism in Hungarian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62(10):1017-8.
17
18. Lee KW, Oh DH, Lee C, Yang SY. Allelic and haplotypic diversity of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 genes in the Korean population. Tissue Antigens 2005;65(5):437-47.
18
19. Kim K, Bang SY, Lee HS, Okada Y, Han B, Saw WY, et al. The HLA-DRbeta1 amino acid positions 11-13-26 explain the majority of SLE-MHC associations. Nature communications 2014;5:5902.
19
20. Niu Z, Zhang P, Tong Y. Value of HLA-DR genotype in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: a meta-analysis. International journal of rheumatic diseases 2015;18(1):17-28.
20
21. Morimoto S, Hashimoto H, Yamanaka K, Tokano Y, Nishimura Y, Sawada S, et al. Multicenter cooperative study of HLA class II alleles in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Modern rheumatology / the Japan Rheumatism Association 2000;10(4):235-9.
21
22. Huang JL, Shaw CK, Lee A, Lee TD, Chou YH, Kuo ML. HLA-DRB1 antigens in Taiwanese patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2001;21(3):103-5.
22
23. Hussain N, Jaffery G, Sabri AN, Hasnain S. HLA association in SLE patients from Lahore-Pakistan. Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences / Udruzenje basicnih mediciniskih znanosti = Association of Basic Medical Sciences 2011;11(1):20-6.
23
24. Rudwaleit M, Tikly M, Gibson K, Pile K, Wordsworth P. HLA class II antigens associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in black South Africans. Ann Rheum Dis 1995;54(8):678-80.
24
25. Farivar S, Shiari R, Hadi E. Genetic susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Iranian children. Arch Med Res 2011;42(4):301-4.
25
26. Yari F, Sobhani M, Sabaghi F, Zaman-Vaziri M, Bagheri N, Talebian A. Frequencies of HLA-DRB1 in Iranian normal population and in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Arch Med Res 2008;39(2):205-8.
26
27. Amirzargar AA, Mohseni N, Shokrgozar MA, Arjang Z, Ahmadi N, Yousefi Behzadi M, et al. HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles and haplotypes frequencies in Iranian healthy adult responders and non-responders to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Iran J Immunol 2008;5(2):92-9.
27
28. Ghaderi A, Talei A, Gharesi-Fard B, Farjadian SH, Amirzargar A, Vasei M. HLA-DBR 1 alleles and the susceptibility of Iranian patients with breast cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2001;7(1):39-41.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pain Management in Children with Collaborative Parents and Healthcare Team
Most children in hospital have pain. Seeing your child in pain or discomfort is incredibly difficult. Pain in children is a public health concern of major significance in most parts of the world. We have learned that unrelieved pain causes the body to release certain chemicals that may actually delay healing, so it's important to work with child's nurses and doctors to help children for control the pain. On the other side, medication is not the only way to relieve pain. Pain in children should always be managed and pain expression is dependent on the child’s age, cognitive development, and socio cultural context and it is important to pay particular attention to developmental variations in any behavioural manifestations of pain. In this study to explain some ways for parents and healthcare team to manage pain in children.
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_4261_7e55cba9a1849d1ab3223932ee2b37b5.pdf
2015-04-01
561
573
10.22038/ijp.2015.4261
Children
Healthcare
Manage
Pain
parents
Rahim
Vakili
vakilir @ mums. ac.ir
1
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Maryam
Ajilian Abbasi
2
Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Amirhosein
Ghazizadeh Hashemi
3
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Khademi
khademigh@mums.ac.ir
4
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mansureh
Alipour Anbarani
5
Student Research Committee, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Masumeh
Saeidi
6
Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Loeser JD, Treede RD. The Kyoto protocol of IASP Basic Pain Terminology. Pain 2008; 137(3):473–77.
1
2. Merskey H, Bogduk N, eds. Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. 2nd ed. Seattle, WA: International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Press; 1994.
2
3. WHO model formulary for children. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010. Available at: http://www.who.int/selection_medicines/list/WMFc_2010. Accessed December 2014.
3
4. WHO guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of persisting pain in children with medical illnesses. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.1, Classification of Pain in Children. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138356//. Accessed January 2015.
4
5. Thienhaus O, Cole BE. Classification of pain. In: Weiner RS. Pain management: a practical guide
5
for clinicians, 6th ed. New York; NY, CRC Press: 2002.
6
6. Merskey H, Bogduk N, eds. Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. 2nd ed. Seattle, WA: International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Press; 1994.
7
7. Lynch M. Pain: the fifth vital sign. Comprehensive assessment leads to proper treatment. Adv Nurse Pract 2001; 9(11):28-36.
8
8. Chambliss CR, Heggen J, Copelan DN, Pettignano R. The assessment and management of chronic pain in children. Paediatr Drugs. 2002; 4(11):737-46.
9
9. von Baeyer CL, Spagrud LJ. Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years. Pain 2007; 127(1-2):140–150.
10
10. Haanpää M, Treede F-D. Diagnosis and classification of neuropathic pain. IASP Clinical Updates2010;18:1–6.
11
11. Ingelmo PM, Fumagalli R. Neuropathic pain in children. Minerva Anestesiologica 2004; 70(5):393–98.
12
12. von Baeyer CL. Children’s self-reports of pain intensity: scale selection, limitations and interpretation. Pain Research & Management, 2006, 11(3):157–162.
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