Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
3
1.2
2015
02
01
The Main Determinants of Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) in OECD Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study
421
427
EN
Ali
Kazemi karyani
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
a-kazemik@razi.tums.ac.ir
Zhila
Kazemi
Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
zhilakazemi90@gmail.com
Faramarz
Shaahmadi
Savojbolagh Health Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
faramarzshah62@gmail.com
Zohreh
Arefi
0000-0003-0665-3072
School of Public Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
arefizohreh20@yahoo.com
Zahra
Meshkani
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
z_moshkani@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2015.3838
Introduction: Child mortality indices are key element that reflects health Status of societies and inform policy makers to take suitable policies to reduce them. This study was performed to examine the main determinants of under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) in OECD countries in two cross-sections, 2010 and 2013, and the results of them was compared. <br/>Material and Methods: This was a cross- sectional study. The data on U5MR,health expenditure, Gross National Income per capita (GNI), Physician and nurses’ density, Ratio of female to male primary, secondary and tertiary school enrollment was gathered from world health organization (WHO) and World bank datasets. Pearson correlation and regression models was used for analyzing the data for years 2010 and 2013. Stata 11 was used for analyzing the data. <br/>Results: Pearson correlation was negative for all variable in 2010 and all variables, expect Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment, had negative correlation with U5MR. Regression analysis showed that, all variable, except Ratio of female to male primary enrollment had negative effect on U5MR in 2010. Also, GNI had negative effect on U5MR in 2010 and its coefficient was significant. The β-coefficient of healthcare expenditures was -0.964 and -0.746 in 2010 and 2013, respectively and was statistically significant just in 2010. Two of three variables in which included for women literacy had negative effect on U5MR in 2010 and all of them had negative effect in 2013. <br/>Conclusion: The study results showed that all variables, including health expenditures, gross national income per capita, and density of physicians and nurses and female literacy, had invers effect on under-five mortality rate in OECD countries.
Child Mortality,GNI,Healthcare expenditures,U5MR
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3838.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3838_87294240668262b4a7c65f166791e7b0.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
3
1.2
2015
02
01
Validity of Spo2/Fio2 Ratio in Detection of Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
429
434
EN
Nemat
Bilan
0000-0002-1849-4462
Pediatric Pulmonologist, Peiatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
bilannemat@yahoo.co.uk
Azar
Dastranji
Pediatrician, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Afshin
Behbahani ghalehgolab
Pediatric Nephrologist, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
10.22038/ijp.2015.3840
Introduction: <br/> One ofdiagnostic criteria for Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome <br/>is pao2/fio2 (PF) ratio 300 for ALI or 200 for ARDS. This criteria requires invasive arterial sampling. Measurement of Spo2/Fio<sub>2</sub> (SF) ratio by pulseoximetry may be a reliable non invasive alternative to the PF ratio. <br/> <br/>Methods and Materials: <br/>In a cross sectional study we enrolled 105 sample of patients with ALI or ARDS, to determine the Spo<sub>2</sub>/Fio<sub>2</sub> (SF). Pao<sub>2 </sub>wasmeasured through arterial blood sampling and Spo<sub>2</sub> measured with pulse oximetry and documented within 5 minutes of each other. <br/> <br/>Results <br/>The relationship between SF and PF ratio was described by the following equation: SF=57+0/61PF (P<0/001). Spo<sub>2</sub>/Fio<sub>2</sub> (SF) ratios of 181 and 235 can be substituted pao2/fio2 (PF) ratio of 200 and 300 in ARDS and ALI respectively. The ALI SF cutoff of 235 had 57% sensitivity and 100% specificity, and ARDS, SF cutoff of 181 had 71% sensitivity and 82% specificity. <br/> <br/>Conclusion <br/>Spo<sub>2</sub>/Fio<sub>2</sub> (SF) ratio is a reliable noninvasive marker to determine children with ALI or ARDS and can be used instead of it.
ALI,ARDS,Pao2/Fio2 ratio,Pulse Oximetry
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3840.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3840_0a2d14f180cd3fdf6442d4ce037dc5e8.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
3
1.2
2015
02
01
Pediatric and Adolescent Chest Pain: A Cross Sectional Study
435
440
EN
Mohammad reza
Khalilian
0000-0001-6365-2530
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
khalilianomid@yahoo.com
Abdolrahman
Emami moghadam
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
dr_emami_moghadam@yahoo.com
Mehdi
Torabizadeh
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
torabizadeh-m@ajums.ac.ir
Foroogh
Khalilinejad
Private, Tehran, Iran.
khalilinejad@hotmail.com
Sedigheh
Moftakhar
Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
moftakhar-s@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2015.3911
Introduction: Chest pain is a common compliant in children and adolescents visiting the clinic. We assess and analyze the etiology of chest pain among children referred a pediatric cardiology clinic in cardiac center in south west of Iran.<br/>Materials and Methods: We assessed children with chest pain who visited our medical center during March 2013 to April 2014. Any case of trauma associated chest pain was excluded from this study. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17.<br/>Results: A total of 200 patients (107 male, 93 female; age range (3−17 years) were enrolled into this study. ECG was taken from all patients that 6 patients had abnormal ECG. 43 patients had chest radiograms (39.5%). Echocardiograms were performed in 130 (65%) patients. Overall, idiopathic chest pain was the most common diagnosis (51%). Other associated disorders were musculoskeletal (30%), gastrointestinal (11.5%), pulmonary (3%), cardiac (4.5%).<br/>Conclusions: According to our data idiopathic chest pain seems to be the most common cause of chest pain in children. Careful physical examination can be helpful in diagnosis and treatment planning of children suffering of chest pain. Chest pain due to cardiac origin is rare, but it should be considered.
Chest pain,Children,Adolescents
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3911.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3911_18f3173990501c07c5c8d54887f7dcca.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
3
1.2
2015
02
01
Macro Determinants of Infant Mortality in ECO Countries: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis
441
447
EN
Satar
Rezaei
School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Khalil
Moradi
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Behzad
Karami Matin
School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
bkm_1340@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2015.3912
Background <br/>Infant mortality rate is widely used to assessing the health status of population in both developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to identify the main factors affect infant mortality rate in ECO countries for the years 2005 to 2012. <br/>Methods <br/>A panel data model from ECO countries from 2005 to 2012 used to identify the some of key explanatory variables (GDP per capita, female labour participation rate, public expenditure as % of total health expenditure and total fertility rate) effect on infant mortality rate. These data was obtained from World Bank and World Health Organization. The data analyzed by STATA v.12. <br/>Results <br/>This study indicated the GDP per capita and public spending had a negative and significant effect on infant mortality in studied countries. A higher total fertility rate is also associated with higher infant mortality. In addition, our analysis showed there is not association between female labour participation rate and infant mortality. <br/>Conclusions <br/>GDP per capita, public expenditure as % of total health expenditure and total fertility rate were identified as the main determinant of infant mortality in ECO countries in study period. We hope the results of current study provide useful information for health policy- makers to better understand the main factors affecting on infant mortality.
Determinants,ECO countries,Infant mortality,Panel data
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3912.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3912_bb22e823de6aef0360ecabf3c3af0b62.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
3
1.2
2015
02
01
Familial Chylomicronemia Reported in a Ten Days Old Neonate
449
453
EN
Khurshid
Wani
Government Medical College Srinagar, India.
khurshidwani @gmail.com
Mohsin
Rashid
Government Medical College, Srinagar, India.
mohsinrashid@gmail.com
Musadiq
Alaqaband
Government Medical College, Srinagar, India.
musadiq200@yahoo.com
Shumila
Manzoor
Government Medical College, Srinagar, India.
shimpi25@gmail.com
Shafia
Mustaq
Jamia Hamdard Hospital, Delhi, India.
shafia mustaq@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2015.3866
There are no adequate data that evaluate the safety and effectiveness of lowering triglyceride levels in infants. The authors report a neonate affected by familial hyperchylomicronemia, While being investigated for sepsis the serum sample obtained for blood counts was discovered to be lipaemic and the case was subsequently investigated for dyslipidemia. Based on this very abnormal lipid profile compared to her age, we started her on statins. The parents were referred to a dietitian vigorous dietary fat restriction supplemented by fat-soluble vitamins including mixing food with olive oil and giving skimmed dairy products as she is growing. Follow up is ongoing.
Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency,Familial chylomicronemia,Familial lipoprotein lipase,LPL
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3866.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3866_d7c107416905a4d5ab029d70a8684606.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
3
1.2
2015
02
01
Traumatic Habit causing Gingival Recession in a child: 3-Year Follow Up
455
458
EN
Adilis
Kalina
Alexandria
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
adilis.alexandria@gmail.com
Ticiana
Medeiros
Sabóia
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
ticianamedeirosdesaboia@gmail.com
Erika
Calvano
Kϋchler
Unit of Clinical Research, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
kuchler@gmail.com
Marcelo
de Castro
Costa
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
pttpo2009@yahoo.com.br
10.22038/ijp.2015.3837
Introduction: The purpose of this report was to present a successful treatment approach in an unusual gingival recession as a result of finger sucking traumatic habit associated with high labial frenum. Case Report: A 10-year-old girl presented moderate pain, recession in the mandibular right incisor and finger sucking habit. The performed treatment was: oral hygiene instruction, use of palatal appliance, psychological support and frenectomy. After three years follow up, significant increases in the width of keratinized gingival, root coverage and profits in clinical attachment levels were observed. Conclusion: This case report showed great results in recovery of the periodontal health in a child.
gingival recession,Habits,Labial frenum
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3837.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3837_e8915cd931b2fadcda45d26fb764542a.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
3
1.2
2015
02
01
Alpha- 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency in Children: Pulmonary Involvement
459
465
EN
Mohammad
Esmaeili
CJASN-0673-06-15
Associated Prof. of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
esmaeelim@mums.ac.ir
Marjan
Esmaeili
Resident of Pediatrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
esmaeili_82@yahoo.com
Seyed Javad
Sayedi
Assistant Prof of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
sayedi@yahoo.com
Mohammad Ali
Kiani
0000-0002-7869-0828
Associate Prof. of Pediatrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
kianima@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/ijp.2015.3926
Introduction: α1-antitrypsin deficiency (α1-ATD) is one of the most common genetic disorders in white race, a usual cause of liver disease in children, and hepatopulmonary involvement in children and adult. The aim of this case description is presenting a child with early lung disease without liver parenchymal disorder. <br />Case presentation: We describe a 13 year old boy because of exertional dyspnea, wheezing, productive cough and repeated hospital admission due to bronchopneumonia. There was no immune deficiency, sinusitis and allergic lung disease. There was no history of foreign body aspiration. Cystic fibrosis cause ruled out. Protein electrophoresis and serum level α1-AT evaluation documented α1-ATD. The patient was treated with conservative management. <br />Conclusion: This article suggests that if a child presents with chronic pulmonary symptoms, possibility of α1-ATD should be considered and worked up.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency,Bronchiectasis,Children,Emphysema,Lung disease,Pulmonary Disease
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3926.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3926_e6e13e5f6c175bb3a29946966482a1be.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
3
1.2
2015
02
01
Child Labor Facts in the Worldwide: A Review Article
467
473
EN
Ali
Khakshour
0000-0002-6174-6944
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
khakshoura@mums.ac.ir
Maryam
Ajilian Abbasi
Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Seyed Javad
Sayedi
Assistant Prof of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
sayedi@yahoo.com
Masumeh
Saeidi
Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Gholam Hasan
Khodaee
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
10.22038/ijp.2015.3946
The economic exploitation of children is an insult to humanity. All over the world children continue to work, putting at stake their education, their health, their normal development to adulthood, and even their lives. Millions of them work under hazardous conditions which present dangers to their health, safety and welfare. They toil in mines and quarries, are exposed to agrochemicals in agriculture, squat in crippling positions to weave rugs and carpets, and scavenge in rubbish tips. Too many are enslaved in bonded labour, isolated in domestic service, and traumatized and abused in the commercial sex trade. <br />Today many people and organizations are concerned about child labour. The number of children working in the world today is higher than most people think, although it is difficult to obtain anything more than an educated global estimate. This is firstly because many kinds of child labour are underreported, and secondly because many countries have no desire or incentive to publicize how many of their young people work. Nevertheless, statistical techniques allow us to estimate that 211 million children aged 5 to 14 and an additional 141 million children aged 15 to 17 are “economically active”, i.e. are involved in some form of work.
Child labour,Child Rights,Facts,World
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3946.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3946_a1b99953d18ecf83e4229525a8200c9b.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
3
1.2
2015
02
01
Bone Density in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A Literature Review
475
480
EN
Ali
Ghassemi
Associate Professor of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Nosrat
Ghaemi
Associate Professor of Pediatric Endocrine and Metabolism, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
ghaeimin@mums.ac.ir
Monireh
Saffar Yazdi
Resident of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
msaffar91@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2015.3869
Introduction: <br/>Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children and the main form of childhood leukemia (75%). ALL different treatment options have a great impact on children weight and appetite. The improving prognosis for children with cancer refocuses attention to long-term outcomes with an emphasis on quality of life. More survival rate allows researchers to evaluate long term complication of ALL and its different treatment options such as endocrine abnormalities for example decreased bone mineral density. <br/>METHODS: <br/>a systematic web base search was conducted in MEDLINE up to December 2014. <br/>We included articles with available abstract in English language, and participants younger than 18 years. Manual searching was done within the reference list of articles. Two reviewers independently reviewed and assessed eligibility criteria, assessed quality, and extracted data. <br/>RESULTS: <br/>Trace elements concentration decline due to malabsorption or inadequate intake in children with ALL. Osteopenia occurs more frequent in younger children and those who treated with higher doses of corticosteroids. <br/>CONCLUSION: <br/>The dietary history of ALL patients who are at more risk for fractures and osteopenia should be screened by paying more attention to calcium and vitamin D intake.
Children,acute lymphoblastic leukemia,Vitamin D,Bone Density
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3869.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3869_0dd7e2dbf2e9c39f11025b437cd7b583.pdf