Authors

1 Autism Center of Noor Hedayar Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, International University of Imam Reza (AS), Mashhad, Iran.

3 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction
The goal of research is investigation on the effectiveness of Holistic Multi-dimensional Treatment Model (HMTM) in improvement of CARS test indicators in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and it is done without pharmaceutical interventions, without names and accompanied by parental satisfaction questionnaire.
Materials and Methods
In this study with purposeful sampling method, 60 autistic children chosen randomly among 6-10 year-old patients were taken under a 12-month observation. At the beginning of this research they were taken the CARS pre-test and then in each month a complete behavioral HMTM checklist and a CARS test was taken. Observing HMTM treatment model, includes intuitive checklist with the aim of intuitive adjustment, abnormal behaviors’ checklist with the aim of decreasing them, individual behaviors’ checklist with the aim of increasing them and emotional interactive behaviors checklist with the aim of improvement that are conducted in statistical tables.
Results
Results shown a positive impact of HMTM in treatment trend of autism spectrum disorder considering sum of CARS points, also the effect on each CARS test parameters and CARS parameters improvements are meaningful holistic approach in HMTM method has interpreted some vague CARS parameters furthermore (P<0.05).
The statistical properties of CARS test with HMTM treatment model, indicates a high correlation coefficient and a significant relationship there was in behavior tables of HMTM and CARS test.
Conclusion
Holistic multi-dimensional treatment modelhas caused considerable and improvement children’s individual interactions and intuitive balance.

Keywords

 
1.  Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.
2.  Baio J. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 14 Sites, United States, 2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries 2012; 61 (3): 1-19.
3.  Calderoni S, Retico A, Biagi L, Tancredi R, Muratori F, Tosetti M. Female children with autism spectrum disorder: an insight from mass-univariate and pattern classification analyses. Neuroimage 2012;59(2):1013-22.
4.  Schipul SE, Keller TA, Just MA. Interregional brain communication and its disturbance in autism. Front Syst Neurosci 2011;5:10.
5.  Verhoeven JS, De Cock P, Lagae L, Sunaert S. Neuroimaging of autism. Neuroradiology 2010;52(1):3-14.
6.  Von Bertalanffy L. General system theory: Foundations, development, applications: George Braziller New York; 1968.
7.  Mashhadi A, Soltanifar A, Hojati M, Reebye P, Hosainzadeh- Maleki ZMA. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Holistic Multidimensional Treatment Model (HMTM) and Applied Behavioral Analysis Approach (ABA) in Treatment of Children with ASD. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2010;2(2): 27-35.
8.  Mayes SD, Calhoun SL, Murray MJ, Pearl A, Black A, Tierney CD. Final DSM-5 under-identifies mild Autism Spectrum Disorder: Agreement between the DSM-5, CARS, CASD, and clinical diagnoses. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2014;8(2):68-73.
9.  Mayes SD, Black A, Tierney CD. DSM-5 under-identifies PDDNOS: Diagnostic agreement between the DSM-5, DSM-IV, and Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 2013;7(2):298-306.
10.       Sturmey P, Dalfern S. The Effects of DSM5 Autism Diagnostic Criteria on Number of Individuals Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2014;1(4):249-52.
11.       ZHOU Z-h, BIN X-n, LEI Y-x. The Application of SPSS in Teaching of Medical Statistics [J]. Practical Preventive Medicine 2004;5:101.
12.       Wang J-T, Jiang E-H, Wang X-G, Zhao X-R, Yao L. Application of SPSS technique in demonstration study data for statistics and analysis. Jisuanji Gongcheng yu Yingyong.Computer Engineering and Applications 2006;42(36):201-3.
13.       Ling DZYPC. Application of SPSS Software in Orthogonal Design and Result Analysis [J]. Computer Study 2009;5:15-7.
14.       Stakenas JA, Merrick NP. Application of SPSS to management of computer-assisted instruction usage statistics. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 1982;70(2):231.