Prevalence of Undernutrition among Santal tribal Preschool Children of Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal, India
Samiran
Bisai
Consultant,
Tribal Health Research Unit,
National Institute of Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), ICMR,
Garha, Nagpur Road, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, 482003.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Objective: To assess the overall nutritional status of Santal tribal preschool children of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from February 2012 to September, 2012 in the Santal tribal community of rural area of Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal. The study children were selected multi stage cluster sampling method. The level of underweight, stunting and wasting was assessed using standard deviation (SD) classification as against National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference standards. Results: This study comprises of 299 (boys=153, girls=146) Santal preschool children age between 0-5 years to assess the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting. Overall prevalence of underweight was 65.2%, out of, 54.2% and 11.0% children are found to be moderate and severe underweight. It is found that the severe underweight was significantly higher among girls than the boys (15.1% vs 7.2%, p<0.05). Boys had 2.3 (OR=2.29, 95%CI:1.07-4.91) fold greater risk of being severe underweight. Overall the prevalence of stunting was 54.2%. Among them 31.4% and 22.7% children were experiencing moderate and severe stunting. Moreover, overall prevalence of wasting was 20.1%, out of, 17.4% and 2.7% children were found to be moderate and severe wasting. Conclusion: As per WHO classification for assessing severity of malnutrition, this study found very high rates of malnutrition in the form of underweight, stunting and wasting, indicating a critical situation. Therefore respective authority should be undertaken an effective public health strategy to combat child malnutrition among socio-economically vulnerable communities in India and adjoining countries.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
347
354
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3538_c3df666b4f0673e1ff3109d909469bcb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3538
Spirometry Findings Following Treatment with Oral and Inhalant Corticosteroids in Mild to Moderate Asthma Exacerbation in Children
Nemat
Bilan
Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
author
Masumeh
Ghasempour
Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction: Asthma exacerbation is common in children. Treatment with oral corticosteroids (OCS) and inhaled corticosteroids are suggested for asthma exacerbation. It is shown that inhaled corticosteroids has similar outcome in reducing asthma symptoms compared to OCS. But few studies have evaluated the pulmonary function changes in these two treatments. In this study, we evaluated the changes in pulmonary function tests in children with mild-to-moderate asthma exacerbation receiving oral prednisolone and inhaled Budesonide. Methods and Materials: Forty-four children with mild-to-moderate asthma exacerbation were randomly assigned to receive oral prednisolone (2 mg/kg) or Budesonide spray (2 puffs every 12 hours, each puff contains 200 microgram Budesonide) using a spacer for one week. The first dose of the treatment was given in the emergency department. Children were followed for seven days and spirometry findings before and after treatment were evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference between pulmonary function tests before and after treatment between groups. Children receiving oral prednisolone had significantly more improvement in PEF (p=0.01). There was significant improvement in all respiratory parameters after treatment in both groups (p<0.05), but PEF had no significant change after treatment s in inhaled Budesonide group (p=0.63). Conclusion:Both inhaled Budesonide and oral prednisolone significantly improved respiratory function in children with mild-to-moderate asthma exacerbation. As there was no significant difference between groups in PFT findings and due to the low systemic effects of inhaled budesonide compared to oral prednisolone, this treatment seems to be more appropriate in mild to moderate exacerbations.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
355
361
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3503_ca86f44e3a7c5a59fa62aa49cdb27f9f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3503
A Survey of Special Training Round on Performance of Pediatric Residents
Ali
Emadzadeh
Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Behrooz
Davachi
Assistant Professor of Radiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Seyed Amirhosein
Ghazizadeh Hashemi
Assistant Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Seyed Ali
Jafari
Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Hamid
Ahanchian
Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Masumeh
Saeidi
Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction: Clinical settings and teaching methods play a key role in students' learning. So, the present study aimed to investigates the effect of holding special training rounds on performance of pediatric residents. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 30 residents. They were randomly divided into two case (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Two groups received pretest and posttest. Case group received a period of one month of special training rounds by professors. Special training round was one hour training a day. The control group received no intervention. Data was analyzed using SPSS 13 and descriptive and analytic statistical tests. Results: 100% of all residents in case group were satisfied with training round. Mean scores of control residents were as followed: pretest 37.9+5.1 and post-test 55.2+7.0 (P >0.05). Mean scores of intervention residents were as followed: pretest 37.5 +3.7 and post-test 65.6 +6.7 (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in residents' scores after holding a training round (P<0.05). Conclusion: findings confirmed the efficacy of special training round on achievement and increase of residents' satisfaction with learning in Pediatric Gastroenterology Department.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
363
367
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3576_97b730c03973410b484f479bdbbd0c9a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3576
Epidemiological Analysis and Cost of Hospitalization Associated with Pediatric Burns in Kermanshah, Iran
Behzad
Karami Matin
Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah university of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
author
Satar
Rezaei
Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah university of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
Background: burn injuries are a major public health in the world, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was investigate to the epidemiological data and cost of hospitalization due to burn in pediatrics in Kermanshah provinces from 2011 to 2013.Material and Methods: this was a retrospective cross sectional study. The study subject was all of patient lee than 15 years who admitted in Burns Center at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran, from 21 March 2011 to March 2013 (two years). The data including age, gender, cause of burn, burn degree, place of burn, length of stay (LOS), burned body surface (BBS) and cost of hospitalization was obtained from hospital data and analyzed by SPSS version 18. Results: the overall mean age was 5.27 ± 4.52 years; the ages ranged from less than 1 year to 15 years. The mean BBS % and LOS was 22.8 % and 7.48 day, respectively. The mean cost per patient, per hospitalization day and per % BBS were 15000000 IRR, 657981 IRR and 20045348 IRR, respectively. Conclusion: The current study showed the main cause of burn and mortality in the pediatric population was hot liquids and flame, respectively. An important point is that most of burn injuries in pediatric population are preventable and avoidable if the necessary training about cause of these burns provides for their parent.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
369
376
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3515_ef16ea69070b1161e7d4178be3d973fe.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3515
Factors Affecting the Outcome of Bronchiectasis in Pediatric Patients
Nemat
Bilan
Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
author
Mitra
Agakhani
Pediatrician.
author
M
Niafar
Internist.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a common problem in children and early diagnosis can lead to early treatment and prevent of its complications. This study was aimed to evaluate factors effective on outcome of bronchiectasis in children. Methods: In an analytical cross-sectional study, 347 children with bronchiectasis Underwent the study. the patients were diagnosed based on chronic suppurative cough and CT scan findings. . Results: Disease etiology was asthma in 55.6%, Gastroesophagial reflux (GERD) in 7.8%, Cystic fibrosis (CF) in 4.8%, other causes in 11.2% and idiopathic in 20.6%. All cases complained of chronic cough. The most common sign was daily sputum production (79.1%) and common symptoms were ral/crackle in 47.1% and wheezing in 25.4%. Mean treatment period was 32.82±11.56 months. At the end of follow-up, complete improvement occurred in 35.6%, partial improvement in 40.9% and no improvement in 23.5%. Conclusion: In children with chronic cough and crackle in physical examination, consideration of bronchiectasis could be helpful in early diagnosis and complementary evaluations and treatment initiation. Treating the underlying disease could prevent the occurrence and increase the response to treatment of bronchiectasis.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
377
389
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3310_92c2b340a02ba243f700ac3e03386344.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3310
Body Fat Percentage in Active and Inactive Students Using Anthropometric Parameters
Maryam
Ghane
Department of Exercise Management, Education District Yazd, Yazd, Iran.
author
Azar
Aghayari
Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
Alireza
Babai mazreno
Master of Sports Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction: Complications of obesity and high fat in children are grave now and future. The aim of this research is comparing percentage of body fat in active and inactive girls using Anthropometric Parameters.Materials and Methods: This research is descriptive- correlation that 144 active(n= 70) and inactive(n= 74) girls aged 8 to 10 years old were selected by random cluster sampling method and studied the relationship between percentage of body fat and Anthropometric Parameters and Result analyzed by SPSS-18 software. data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics for example pearson correlation coefficient to investigate the relationship between composition variables . Confidence level for all tests was considered 95% . Results: The mean age of the subjects in this study were 8 to 10 years .Result indicated BMI from anthropometric indexes had significant recipe with percentage of body fat in both of groups and waist circumference to hip ratio (WHR) was significant only in inactive group (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Results of this research indicated percentage of fat influenced by level of activity.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
391
398
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3560_e36151bfa211ea6f110abe4cc54c28ae.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3560
Body Image Disturbance and Perfectionism as Predictor’s Factors of Disordered Eating Behavior among Female Students
Mohamad Reza
Khodabakhsh
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Fariba
Kiani
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Backgrounds: The prevalence of disordered eating behaviors has been reported to increase in recent decades; therefore, scientific studies should perform for specifying psychological variables that may contribute to the etiology of this disorder. In this study, we examined the role of body image disturbance and perfectionism variables in predicting disordered eating behaviors among female students.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2014 upon a sample consisting of 464 female students in Allame Tabatabaie University were selected based on a Morgan formula and multi-stage cluster random sampling. Then, participants responded to the questionnaires of body image disturbance of Reas and et al. (2002), perfectionism scale of Besharat (2004) and eating attitudes test of Garner and Garfinkel (1979). The data were analyzed by correlation techniques and stepwise regression.Results: The results showed that these were internal correlation among body image disturbance and perfectionism and disordered eating behavior. Also, the results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that body image disturbance and perfectionism significantly predicted, respectively, almost 16% and 14% of variances of disordered eating behaviors among female students.Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, body image disturbance and perfectionism can predict disordered eating behaviors. Therefore, considering these variables can be important to prevent the development of eating-related diseases and to promote students’ health. Key Words: Body Image Disturbance, Perfectionism, Disordered Eating Behavior, Female Students.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
399
406
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3564_3923a478f7d993a4643a8d50c2aae61c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3564
The Effect of Creating an Artificial Night On Physiological Changes in Preterm Infants
Tayebeh
Reyhani
Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Seyedeh Zahra
Aemmi
Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Vajihe
Sannadgol
M.Sc Nursing (Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing), Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Hassan
Boskabadi
Associate Professor of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction Preterm infants are exposed to irregular light for several weeks or months in the Neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU). This lack of maternal entrainment, the exposure to irregular extrauterine lighting and care in the nursery may contribute to the disturbances in body temperature, sleep and physiological changes that are commonly experienced by preterm infants. Materials and Methods This is a randomized clinical trial dual group study, 38 preterm infants (gestational age of 30-34 weeks) due to prematurity hospitalized at NICU of Ghaem Hospital, Iran, were evaluated within 10 days. Infants were divided into two groups of 1200-1700 and 1701-2200g based on the weight and the weight of each group were randomized into artificial night (dark period was from 19 to 7 during incubator was covered with linen cloth & light period was from 7 to 19 removed the cover) and control groups (continuous lighting). Mothers & infants through questionnaires, interviews, observation & document completion, changes in physiologic & weight before entering the study & then physiologic changes twice a day, weight & feeding tolerance were collected daily. Data were analyzed using SPSS version16 software. Results The two groups were matched in terms of other variables. Mean gestational age was (31.39+1.39) weeks in both groups, mean weight at study entry in period light of the (1415.8+ 263.46) and (1471.6 + 244.47) was in continuous lighting. The difference in oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, respectively, higher and lower in the intervention group than the control group. Result of the statistical analysis of repeated measures suggests that the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05(. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the effect of artificial night on physiological stabilization of preterm infants is positive. In order to create a favorable and efficient environment to help better growth, prevent complications of prematurity and impaired circadian rhythms in infants, pay more attention to the care conditions of infants is recommended.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
407
412
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3621_39d5edf221e38b18aff1e017bde0c87e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3621
Thrombocytosis As Potential Diagnostic Tool for Serious Bacterial Infection In Febrile Infants; Srinagar, India
Shumila
Manzoor
Government Medical College, Srinagar
author
Khurshid
Wani
Department Of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Srinagar
author
Sumaira
chowdhary
Government Medical College, Jammu
author
Musadiq
Alaqaband
Government Medical college,srinagar
author
Rohit
Chib
Government Medical College ,Srinagar,
author
Iyreen
Malik
Government Medical college, srinagar
author
text
article
2014
eng
Objective: To estimate incidence of Reactive Thrombocytosis among febrile infants and assess utility of platelet count as a potential predictor and diagnostic tool of serious bacterial infection .Design:Prospective non randomized study conducted between April 2011 to March 2012Setting: Tertiary care pediatric unit.Inclusion criteria:All infants 30 to 89 days of age, admitted with rectal temperature >38°C/100.4°F without apparent focus of an infection.Exclusion criteria:Infants having fever more than 72 hours and who had received antibiotics or vaccination within 48 hours of presentation.Main Outcome Measures: sepsis evaluation was done on admission. SBI included all cases of occult bacteremia, urinary tract infection, bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, bacterial gastroenteritis and infections of the soft tissues and bones.Results: Of the 149 infants studied, 39 (26.2%) had SBI. Platelet count was significantly higher in infants with SBI compared to those without {Platelet count ≥ 4 lakh /mm3 in SBI (84.6%) vs non SBI (542.4% ). Mean platelet count 5.1 ± 1.1 in SBI versus 3.9 ± 1.6 in non SBI which was statistically significant P
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
413
420
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3559_1b17a93c7a11e8a1407d5b4c38defac6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3559
The Impact of Student-Centered Pedagogy on Training in a Pediatrics Course
Gholamreza
Khademi
Assistant Professor, Department of pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Nooshin
Abdollahpour
Faculty of Science, Young Researchers and Elite Club , Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction: The most important change in medical education is a shift from didactic teacher-centered and subject-based teaching to the use of interactive, problem-based, student-centered learning. Student-centered approach is a teaching approach t that encompasses replacing lectures with active learning, integrating self-paced learning programs and cooperative group situations, ultimately holding the student responsible for his own advances in education. This study aimed to determine the attitudes of students towards learning method based on problem solving as a student-centered and their satisfaction from the student-centered learning method in the medical students of Mashhad University of Medical Science. Materials and Methods: this was a descriptive cross-sectional study. In total, 47 M.Sc. students of health (11 male and 36 female) was selected to participate in this study. We used convenience and purposeful sampling strategies. Data collection tools included an 8-items questionnaire to evaluate the student-centered approach in the course of disease in children. The questions were on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from never to more times. Results: in total,eleventh male and 36 female participation in this study. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference in the score of participation in the course of pediatric (t=8.86) (p<0.0001), the knowledge of the participants of this course in the other university (t=4.5) (p<0.0001), the conference is presented by students (t=9.14) (p<0.0001), the suitability of student-centered approach (t=5.65) (p<0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in the score of usefulness of the student-centered approach (t=0.58) (p=0.56). Also there was a significant difference in the score of interest in teaching by using student-centered approach (t=2.31) (p=0.025). The other results showed that the students preference the teacher-centered ten the student-centered approach (t=2.54) (p=0.014). Conclusion: Most studies comparing didactic teacher-centered and subject-based teaching showed that the majority of students interested to the traditional method of teaching. However, there is Evidence of increasing use of student-centered teaching style.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
421
429
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3728_75eb687b8f6a7c62f23312297b87a94d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3728
The Effect of Facilitated Tucking (FT) During Venipuncture on Duration of Crying in Preterm Infants
Tayebeh
Reyhani
Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Seyedeh Zahra
Aemmi
M.Sc Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Tahere
Mohebbi
M.Sc Nursing (Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Hassan
Boskabadi
Associate Professor of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Abstract Introduction Humans in the last trimester of gestation are assumed to be in a pain-free environment in the womb, but those neonates who are born preterm often spend weeks in the Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and undergo numerous painful procedures as part of their routine care. Materials and Methods In this semi-experimental study, 70 preterm infants born at average 32 to 36 weeks' Gestational age (GA), who needed routine blood collection, were allocated to two intervention (35 neonates) and control (35 neonates) groups. In experimental group a nurse held the infant in the side-lying, flexed fetal-type position during blood collection. The stopwatch was used to determine the duration of crying infants. The control group did not receive additional action for pain relief. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16 software. Results The mean age of infants was 34.45 ± 1.22 weeks. The results showed that the duration of crying after sampling in the two groups was statistically significant difference, this duration in control group was higher than the intervention group (P
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
431
435
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3748_5b85b73b218e566c55d3649f8a67b8c7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3748
Most Common Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Iranian Children: A Systematic Review
Masoumeh
Ghazanfarpour
Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
author
Ramin
Sadeghi
Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohammad Ali
Kiani
Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Imaneh
Khorsand
Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Varamin-pishva, Varamin, Iran.
author
Masumeh
Saeidi
Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction: To assess the efficacy of foeniculum Vulgar, menthe longifolia and Garlic in Iranian children. Methods and Matherials: Nine databases such as MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials as well as domestic database (Persian) such as SID, Iranmedex, Magiran, Medlib, Irandoc, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords such as “child” and “complementary treatments or alternative treatments or herbal treatments or Anthum Foeniculum or Capillaceum or Foeniculum Officinale or Foeniculum vulgare or menthe longifolia or Garlic in June 2014 Result: Five studies were included in the systematic review. Our systematic review showed beneficial effect of Foeniculum Vulgare on redacting of infant colic and also led to significant increase on prolactin levels in lactating mothers. Base on only study, comparison between two groups (Shirafza and placebo Drops) did not show any significant difference in regarding infant weight gain. Menthe longifolia combined with ORS improved frequency of defecation, Volume and consistency of stool. Also Review Systematic showed that Garlic significantly decreased fever, frequency and duration of diarrhea, leukocyte in stool. Conclusion: herbals medicine (foeniculum Vulgar, menthe longifolia and Garlic) had beneficial effect on Women's serum prolactin levels, infantile colic, frequency of defecation, Volume, consistency of stool. However, this result should be interpreted with caution which low number of sample and methodological quality.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
437
444
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3535_552284f43ae869c29bf4e5d98eeca924.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3535
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children:A Short Review and Literature
Bibi Leila
Hoseini
Midwifery MSc, Insructor, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
author
Maryam
Ajilian Abbasi
Ibn-e- Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Habibolah
Taghizadeh Moghaddam
Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Gholamreza
Khademi
Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Masumeh
Saeidi
Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
eng
Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often persists into adulthood. ADHD includes a combination of problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. ADHD is estimated to affect about 6 to 7 percent of people aged 18 and under when diagnosed via the DSM-IV criteria. Hyperkinetic disorder when diagnosed via the ICD-10 criteria give rates of between 1 to 2 percent in this age group. Children in North America appear to have a higher rate of ADHD than children in Africa and the Middle East - however, this may be due to differing methods of diagnosis used in different areas of the world. If the same diagnostic methods are used rates are more or less the same between countries.
International Journal of Pediatrics
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-5047
2
v.
4.3
no.
2014
445
452
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_3749_9acfec461035c63b00d431b2b03f5b85.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3749