p. 15116−15125
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p. 15126−15136
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150 mg/dl is considered as hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was determining the frequency of hyperglycemic stress based on the underlying diseases in patients referred to the emergency department of a pediatric hospital in Mashhad-Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study enjoyed census sampling method. Participants of the study were 201 patients including 120 boys (59.7%) and 81 girls (40.3%) with mean age of 3.01 ± 3.03 years (age range: 2 months to 15 years). Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software version 21. Chi-square test was used to compare the qualitative variables. For quantitative statistical analysis, normality of data was evaluated by Smirnov Kolmogorov tests. Afterwards, Pearson correlation test and independent T test were used for analyzing the quantitative data.Results: Findings revealed that there is not any significant correlation between the type of disease and hyperglycemia, while temperature and dehydration are directly associated with hyperglycemia. Furthermore, no connection was found between convulsion and the risk of increased glucose level, but status seizure had an important role in hyperglycemia. In fact, the degree of hyperglycemia increased with worsening the disease.Conclusion: The severity of disease, high body temperature and dehydration rate are important risk factors in the rate and severity of hyperglycemia.]]>
p. 15137−15144
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p. 15145−15164
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p. 15165−15178
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p. 15179−15190
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7 sucking movements) and more consumed milk were reported for the intervention group during each breastfeeding session, when compared to the control group. The frequency of sucking in response to fresh breast milk was also higher than frozen breast milk, but not statistically significant (p = 0.09). There was an elevation in the high-amplitude non-nutritive sucking frequency among the preterm infants within the last three days of 14-day study after presenting the odor of the maternal breast milk for a 60-second period. Beneficial effects occurred in the hospitalized infants due to the odor of mother; they included increasing mouth movements and pacifier acceptance, calming stressed or crying infants, and relieving their pain. The infant's ability to feed increases and the duration of the first lactation decreases due to the olfactory stimulation of the breast milk odor; and the number of sucks (260.4 [95% CI = 206-315]) and suck bursts (41.0 [95% CI = 36-46]) was unexpectedly observed in group 1 (breast milk odor), as compared to group 2 (144.8 [95% CI = 87-203] versus 27.4 [95% CI = 21-34])Conclusion: This study showed that the use of aromatherapy with the mom’s milk is very effective in improving the behavioral and physiological response; and reduces the problems resulting from prematurity in premature babies. Therefore, the smell of breast milk can be used as a complementary method to accelerate the health promotion of premature infants.]]>
p. 15191−15204
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p. 15205−15226
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p. 15227−15239
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p. 15252−15260
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p. 15261−15270
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0.05) between the pre-test and post-test scores of the BISQ-R instrument (paired t-test), showing similar results in two consecutive tests that confirmed the stability of BISQ-R and its test-retest reliability.Conclusion: According to the results, the Persian version of the BISQ-R questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability; therefore, this questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess children’s sleep and can be used for children aged 12 to 36 months in different environments]]>
p. 15296−15303
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p. 15304−15312
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p. 15313−15322
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p. 15323−15330
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p. 15331−15339
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