Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Save the Children from Gastric and Intestinal Perforation Secondary to Small Magnet Ingestion by Educating Families with the Help of Pediatricians
4449
4455
EN
Manoochehr
Karjoo
Pediatrician and Gastroenterologist
Upstate Medical University, Syracuse New York USA.
karjoom@upstate.edu
Alexander
Dragnich
4th year Medical Student, Upstate Medical University, USA.
Sara
Karjoo
Assistant Professor, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University &
Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, USA.
Qurratul
Ann Warsi
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, USA.
10.22038/ijp.2017.8263
The ingestion of foreign bodies is a comprehensive problem affecting the pediatric population, especially under 5 years of age. The ingestion of 2 or more magnets may lead to their attraction over planes of intervening soft tissue with enough force to cause significant complications including obstruction, fistula formation or even perforation.<br />This case series report have documented the cases of 4 children age 2-9 years, who have experienced a variety of complications from magnet ingestion. Included are the cases of a 2 years old boy and 9 years old girl with bowel perforation, a 7 years old boy with mucosal erosion, and a 4 years old boy who underwent magnet retrieval before complications arose.
Children,Intestinal Perforation,Foreign Body Ingestion,Magnet Ingestion
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8263.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8263_09663fb41b650655fcd352d1a267a558.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Predictors of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Nulliparous Iranian Mothers: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
4457
4467
EN
Fatemeh
Jamehei
MSc Student, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
fatemeh.ja22@gmail.com
Afshin
Ostovar
Associated Professor, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
a.ostovar@bpums.ac.ir
Homamodin
Javadzade
0000-0001-6083-4806
Assistant Professor, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
sh.javadzadeh@bpums.ac.ir
10.22038/ijp.2016.20815.1748
<strong><em>Background</em></strong><br />Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is highly emphasized by the experts, nulliparous women do not adhere to this behavior at a desirable level. Since it seems that mothers’ beliefs and values play an important role in their adherence to these behaviors, the present study, aimed to perform a careful analysis of the behavior and evaluation of factors associated with the EBF in nulliparous women referring to healthcare centers in Bushehr using theory of planned behavior.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods</em></strong><br /> This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted on 400 nulliparous mothers with children less than six-months who referred to healthcare centers in Bushehr, Iran. Stratified random-sample was used and data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and were later analyzed using statistical tests, including Pearson, Spearman, linear regression and logistic regression in SPSS version 22.0 Software.<br /><strong><em>Results</em></strong><br />The results showed that 62.5% of infants were exclusively breast-fed. Variables such as infant' gender, father's occupation and type of pregnancy were significantly related with EBF behavior. Constructs, including attitude (P< 0. 001, r=0.295), subjective norms (P< 0. 001, r=0.376) and perceived behavioral control (P< 0. 001, r=514) were significantly correlated with the EBF intention. Subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention predicted 13.8% changes in mothers' breastfeeding behavior.<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><br /> The theory of planned behavior is an appropriate framework to identify factors associated with the EBF behavior among nulliparous Iranian mothers. Therefore, designing interventions based on this theory seems to have the potential to improve the EBF practice.
Exclusive Breast Feeding,theory of planned behavior,Nulliparous women
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8037.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8037_5695e5f65f278d978b1ab5c030904c9f.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
The Rate of Addiction in Parents of Children with Congenital Heart Disease Compared with Healthy Children
4469
4478
EN
Tahereh
Boryri
0000-0001-7897-1884
Pregnancy Health Research Center, and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
boryri_tahereh@yahoo.com
Noor Mohammad
Noori
0000-0002-0732-6412
Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
dr_noori_cardio@yahoo.com
Alireza
Teimouri
0000-0002-8356-4260
Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
alirezateimouri260@gmail.com
Fatemeh
Sharafi
School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
fatemeh.sharafi43@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2017.21364.1793
<strong><em>Background</em></strong><br />Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common congenital anomaly in children and also the leading cause of mortality from congenital anomalies. Various factors including smoking, drinking alcohol and addiction play role in development of congenital heart diseases. This study was conducted with the aim of investigation of the prevalence of addiction in parents of children with congenital heart disease compared with healthy children.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods</em></strong><br />This was a case-control study conducted on 320 children with congenital heart disease aged 6 months to 16 years and 320 healthy children as control group. Children referring to Ali Asghar hospital or who were hospitalized in Imam Ali Hospital were included in the study and their demographic characteristics and their parents were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.<br /><strong><em>Results</em></strong><br />Average age of diseased and healthy children was 4.08 ± 4.11 and 3.59 ± 2.36, respectively. The rate of addiction of father, mother and parents of children with congenital heart disease was higher than those of children in control group. The most common congenital heart disease was ventricular septal defect (VSD).<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><br />In overall, this study showed addiction rate of parents in children with congenital heart disease was higher.
Addiction,Children,congenital heart disease,Iran,parents
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8192.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8192_9ee5320e553fdd087c0950a4529239f3.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Evaluation of Children with Complication of BCG Vaccination in North of Iran
4479
4488
EN
Mohammad Sadegh
Rezai
0000-0003-4585-9954
Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases Research Center with Focus on Nosocomial Infection, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
drmsrezaii49@gmail.com
Fatemeh
Ahangarkani
PhD Student in Medical Mycology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
fkani63@gmail.com
Roghaye
Sadeghi
Resident of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Research Center with Focus on Nosocomial Infection, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
genetic9988@yahoo.com
Mohammad Reza
Mahdavi
Assistant Professor, Thalassemia Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
mahdavi899q@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2017.21886.1830
<strong><em>Background: </em></strong>Although the efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosis has been noted consistently, the use of BCG vaccine is not without risk. In this study we aimed to evaluate immunologically, children with complication of BCG vaccination in North of Iran.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods: </em></strong>This case-control study began in 30 Jan 2013 and was completed in 2 Jul 2015. In case group 35 patients with moderate to severe complications of BCG vaccination for Tuberculosis (TB), have been enrolled.Thecontrol group included 35 patients with mild complication and patients had no complications due to BCG vaccine. Routine and specific tests for evaluation of immunological function were performed.<br /><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>Out of total number of 35 patients in case group, 3(8.6%) patients had severe complication, also they diagnosed as BCG-osis; 32(91.42%) cases had moderate symptoms. In the control group 25 (71.4%) patients had mild complications and 10(28.57%) patients had no complications. The mean of IL-23 level in the two groups had significant difference (P= 0.027). There was a significant relationship about interleukin and interferon deficiency among patients with severe complications. Patients with mild to moderate complications of BCG vaccine were not associated with immunodeficiency. Patients with severe complications of BCG vaccine, were associated with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) primary immunodeficiency (PID).<br /><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong>Severe complications of BCG vaccine could be due to MSMD and it may be associated with immune deficiency in IL 12/23. BCG vaccination must be deferring in newborns in families with a history of death following presumed BCG or early death or recurrent infection, until suitable screening immunological tests exclude the PID.
Bacillus Calmette Guerin Vaccine,Complications,Iran,Primary immunodeficiency
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8277.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8277_b71be0ab46e3c1a28f0a921948fbdfe0.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Association of Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Cord Blood Nitric Oxide Level with Birth Weight of Newborns
4489
4501
EN
Saba
Naghavi
1Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Shariati Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.
saba.naghavii@gmail.com
Sadegh
Baradaran Mahdavi
0000-0002-1956-1372
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
sadegh.b.mahdavi@gmail.com
Bita
Moradi
Biostatistics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
bitamoradi86@gmail.com
Mohammad Hasan
Tajadini
Biotechnology Department, Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
mt1382@gmail.com
Roya
Kelishadi
0000-0001-7455-1495
Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
kelishadi@med.mui.ac.ir
10.22038/ijp.2017.21112.1772
<strong><em>Background: </em></strong>Maternal nutrition during pregnancy affects the birth weight of neonates. Some of the undesirable pregnancy outcomes are linked to lower birth weights. This study aimed to assess the relationship between maternal dietary patterns, weight gain during pregnancy and nitric oxide (NO), as an endothelial relaxing factor, and the possible effects on birth weight.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods: </em></strong>At first, a pilot study was done, and finally a number of 233 mothers who referred to 4 public and private hospitals in Isfahan, the Central of Iran, during March 2014 to March 2015 via a convenience sampling method, were elected and participant in this study. Dietary patterns were assessed using a Persian version of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Gestational weight gain was measured, too. Cord blood nitric oxide (NO) level, and neonate’s anthropometric characteristics were measured after delivery.<br /><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>The study participants consisted of 233 mother-neonate pairs. Overall, 4.3% of boys and 11.8% of girls, had low birth weight (< 2.500 gr). Mean gestational weight gain was 12.85 ± 4.37 kg, and there was a statistically significant between three birth-weight categories (Low birth weight, normal birth weight and high birth weight) (P<0.05). Gestational weight gain during pregnancy was associated with consumption of chicken, cereals, sugar, and birth weight of neonates, too (P<0.05). Nitric oxide had an inverse correlation with birth weight; however, this association was not statistically significant (r = -0.10, P >0.05).<br /><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong>Dietary patterns during pregnancy play as a main role in being low birth-weight neonates, in part by having impacts on gestational weight gain. In our samples among some Iranian mother-neonate pairs, endothelial function does not show a direct association with birth weight through releasing NO.
Birth weight,Infants,Nitric oxide,pregnancy,Weight gain
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8154.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8154_66c813b7bf7428551bb932e920d19a87.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Effects of Abdominal Massage on Feeding Tolerance in Preterm Infants Hospitalized in Selected Hospitals of Isfahan- Iran
4503
4510
EN
Mahin
Shaeri
Student Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
mahinshaeri2013@gmail.com
Ahmad
Ghadami
0000-0001-6681-5403
Assistant Professor, PhD in Nursing, Ulcer Repair Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
ghadami@nm.mui.ac.ir
Mahboubeh
Valiani
0000000334554628
MSc in Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
valiani@nm.mui.ac.ir
Amir-Mohammad
Armanian
0000-0003-1324-2220
Associate Professor of Neonatology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
armanian@med.mui.ac.ir
Saeid
Amini Rarani
MSc in Nursing, Hojatie Hospital, Head Nurse of Operating Room Ward, Isfahan, Iran.
aminix11@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2017.21376.1795
<br /><strong><em>Background</em></strong><br /> <br />Feeding intolerance is one of the leading causes of weight loss in preterm infants. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of abdominal massage on feeding tolerance in preterm infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units in Isfahan, Iran.<br /> <br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods: </em></strong>In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 64 infants who had the inclusion criteria, were selected and randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. They were fed every two hours. The gastric residual volume, the abdominal circumference, the frequency of defecation, and the frequency of vomiting episodes, were measured before the feeding. One hour after the feeding, abdominal massage in the intervention group (massage), was given by a researcher twice a day for 15 minutes in a 5-day period. The control group received typical unit care. In order to analyze the data, the SPSS version 23.0 software and analytical as well as descriptive statistical methods were used. <br /> <br /><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>The abdominal massage affected the preterm infants’ feeding-tolerance criteria and significantly reduced the gastric residual volume, the abdominal circumference, and the frequency of vomiting episodes and significantly increased the frequency of defecation in the intervention group, as compared with the control group (P < 0.05).<br /> <br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><br /> <br />Abdominal massage could impact preterm infants’ feeding-tolerance criteria. Based on the above results, it is apparently essential to carry out more in-depth studies in this field.<br />
Abdominal Massage,Feeding tolerance,Iran,preterm infants
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8176.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8176_4917879b3a46a48aa9821e905861b95e.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
The Effect of Non-nutritive Sucking on Transcutaneous Oxygen Saturation in Neonates under the Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
4511
4519
EN
Mousa
Ahmadpour-kacho
0000-0001-8572-2026
Professor of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
mousa_ahmadpour@hotmail.com
Yadollah
Zahed Pasha
Professor of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
zypasha@gmail.com
Zoya
Hahdinejad
Master Student of Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
zoya.hadian@yahoo.com
Soryia
Khafri
0000-0002-2398-7560
Assistant Professor of Statistics, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
khafri@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2016.7498
<strong><em>Background</em></strong><br />Several beneficial effects of non-nutritive sucking in infants, including the physiological stability, relaxation, better transition from tube feeding to oral feeding have been reported. But its effect on oxygen saturation in neonates under the Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAPو (is not so clear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of non-nutritive sucking on transcutaneous oxygen saturation levels of neonates treated with NCPAP.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods</em></strong><br />This quasi-experimental study was done on 25 preterm neonates, hospitalized with a diagnosis of respiratory distress, required NCPAP, in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital and Babol Clinic, North of Iran. Non-nutritive sucking was elicited by a standard pacifier appropriate to their age one hour a day, and the mean oxygen saturation was measured before and after intervention by cardiopulmonary monitoring (Saadat Co., Iran). Data analyzed using SPSS-18.0 software.<br /><strong><em>Results</em></strong><br />In the 25 cases studied, the mean oxygen saturation values before performing non-nutritive sucking was 96.31±2.88%, which was changed to 98.35±1.6% after intervention, and this increase was statistically significant (P = 0.004).Results showed that the gender, birth weight and gestational age of neonates had no effect on mean Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2)level.<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><br />According to the results, using the non-nutritive sucking in premature neonates under the NCPAP, can improve oxygenation.
Continuous positive airway pressure,Newborn,respiratory distress,Sucking behaviour
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7498.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7498_320b3a20a721623be0f8cebb10877250.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Effect of Distraction Technique and Hypnosis in Pain of Bone Marrow Aspiration in Children: a Narrative Review
4521
4531
EN
Alimorad
Heidari Gorji
Faculty Member at the Education Development Center (EDC), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
alifar_2004@yahoo.com
Mozhgan
Taebei
School of Nursing and Midwifery Razi, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
m_taeby@yahoo.com
Mansour
Ranjbar
Faculty Member at the Education Development Center (EDC), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
mail.mazums@gmail.com
Mahdi
Babaei Hatkehlouei
Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
mahdi.bbei1306@gmail.com
Amir Hossein
Goudarzian
0000-0002-3266-101X
BSc of Nursing, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
amir_sari@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2016.20976.1754
<strong><em>Background</em></strong><br />The present review study provides specific evidence to assess the impact of distraction techniques and hypnosis on the pain of bone marrow aspiration in children.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods</em></strong><br />This review study aimed to determine the effects of distraction techniques and hypnosis on the controlling pain of bone marrow aspiration in children. Internal databases (SID, Magiran, IranMedex and Irandoc), and international databases (Google-Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Elsevier, ProQuest, Springer and Web of Science), were searched by using the Mesh key words including "cancer", "bone marrow", "aspiration", "distraction", "hypnosis", "pain", "children" and "pediatric", with no time limit since the foundation of these databases until December 2016.<br /><strong><em>Results</em></strong><br />In overall review of the articles, based on the issues expressed, the effect of most of various distraction interventions and hypnosis on the pain severity of children under the bone marrow aspiration procedure was significant and positive (P<0.05). Of course, pain severity variations in all studies, were different.<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><br />According to the results of the mentioned studies, we find that in order to reduce the pain of venipuncture in children most effectively, it is better that these techniques be done according to age and the children's mental and physical conditions.
Bone marrow aspiration,Distraction,Hypnosis,Pain,Review
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8083.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8083_1b080436c6ce6d6f1b02da8af9d4dd00.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Study of Vitamin D Level in Children with Non-specific Musculoskeletal Pain
4533
4540
EN
Hashem
Mahmoodzadeh
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
m_hashemi1070@yahoo.com
Amir
Nasimfar
Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
drnasimfar@gmail.com
Ebrahim
Sadeghi
0000-000327725557
Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
sadeghi.e@umsu.ac.ir
Agayar
Macooie
Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
drmacooie@yahoo.com
Ahad
Gazavi
Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
ghazavi.ahad@gmail.com
Javad
Rasouli
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, School of Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
rsljvd@yahoo.com
Sanam
Fakour
Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
sanam.fakour@gmail.com
Mehran
Noroozi
Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
mehr_noroozi@yahoo.com
Shahsanam
Gheibi
Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
gheibi1344sh@yahoo.com
Amin
Rezazadeh
IAU, School of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia branch, Urmia, Iran.
a.rezazadeh@live.com
Ahmad
Nikibakhsh
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
anikibakhsh@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2016.20988.1756
<strong><em>Background</em></strong><br />Vitamin D deficiency is known as a one of the underlying causes of Idiopathic musculoskeletal pain (IMSP). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) status in patient with Non-specific Musculoskeletal Pain and healthy children.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods</em></strong><br />Seventy-seven children (aged 3–14 years), with IMSP were included as cases and 90 healthy subjects were selected for control group. Demographic characteristics and biochemical levels of vitamin D and Parathyroid hormone (PTH), were obtained. Data were analysis using SPSS version 17.0 software.<br /><strong><em>Results</em></strong><br />Results showed that vitamin D means levels of patients and healthy children were significantly different (19.5 + 8.84 ng/mL versus 12.7 + 11.89 ng/mL), respectively (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between PTH level in both healthy and patient subjects (P<0.001). Mean levels of vitamin D in both groups were below the normal range, but lower in control group (P<0.001).<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><br />Deficiency of vitamin D was suggested as the probable identified risk factors for IMSP in children. The results of our study did not reveal clear correlation between vitamin D deficiencies in children which suffer IMSP compared the healthy children.
Children,IMSP,Iran,Pain,Vitamin D
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8084.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8084_31942c28124fb63a8450cc8da4451fa1.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Academic Performance, Sleep Disorders and Their Association in Middle School Students in Iran
4541
4549
EN
Mohsen
Reisi
0000-0002-3611-6609
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
mohsenreisi72@yahoo.com
Rozita
Jalilian
Pediatric Pulmonary Department, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
jalilian@yahoo.com
Gholamreza
Azizi
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
azizi1357g@gmail.com
Afsane
Rashti
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
rashti@yahoo.com
Jamal
Faghihi nia
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
jamal@yahoo.com
Mojtaba
Akbari
Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
akbari@yahoo.com
Nazanin
Babaei
Pediatric Pulmonary Department, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
babaei@yahoo.com
Seyed Javad
Sayedi
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
seyedjavadsayedij@mums.ac.ir
Nima
Rezaei
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
rezaei_nima@yahoo.com
Mohammad Reza
Modaresi
Pediatric Pulmonary Department, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
modaresi@med.mui.ac.ir
10.22038/ijp.2017.21374.1794
<strong><em>Background: </em></strong>Although sleep disorders are common problems among families and they affect the learning, memory processes and academic performance of children, there is no evaluation of these disorders in Iran. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders and its association with academic performance of school age children.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods: </em></strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,100 middle school students of Isfahan city of Iran during 2012-2013. Multi-stage random cluster sampling method was performed and five girl’s schools and five boy’s schools were selected. The data gathered with a validated questionnaire to evaluate the academic performance and sleep disorders.<br /><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>The mean duration of nocturnal sleep was 8.38±1.17 which was significantly higher in the group with excellent academic performance (8.86±1.18 hours), than the other two groups (8.14±1.17 hours for average academic performance and 7.90±1.15 hours for poor academic performance). Academic performance was significantly associated with age, gender, parental occupation, nocturnal sleep time, sleep latency and sleep disorders (P<0.05).<br /><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong>This study revealed that sleep disorders negatively affect the academic performance and highlighted the importance of proper sleep among children and students.
Adolescents,Education,Iran,Performance,Sleep,Sleep Disorders
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8322.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8322_edbe34a9cc33ab085ee9b69dd8c0c8b6.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Determinants of Complementary Feeding Practices among Children Aged 6-23: a Community based Study
4551
4560
EN
Aziz
Kamran
Public Health Department, Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
aziz_kamran@ymail.com
Gholamreza
Sharifirad
0000-0002-9709-3586
Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.
dr.sharifirad@gmail.com
Khadijeh
Nasiri
Nursing Department, Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
kh.nasiry@arums.ac.ir
Parisa
Soleymanifard
Nursing Department, Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
psoleymanifard@yahoo.com
Mohammadthagi
Savadpour
Nursing Department, Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
m.savadpourr@arums.ac.ir
Maryam
Akbar Haghighat
Public Health Department, Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
akbarhaghighatm@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2016.7811
<strong><em>Background</em></strong><br />Complementary feeding practices play an important role in growth and development of the children. This study aimed to determine the complementary feeding practices status among children aged 6- 23 months and its association with various socio- demographic factors.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods</em></strong><br />This community based cross-sectional study was conducted at field practice area of Urban Health Centers in Khalkhal city, North West of Iran. In the preset study 576 mothers of children aged 6-23 months were selected with multistage random sampling method and interviewed using structured questionnaire for Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) indicators (minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Data were analyzed with using SPSS-20.0, Chi-square, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression tests.<br /><strong><em>Results</em></strong><br />Findings showed that MDD, MMF and MAD were adequate in 42.3%, 42.7% and 30.9%, respectively. MDD and MAD was significantly associated with gender of child, type of delivery, birth order of child, mothers literacy and health literacy (P<0.001); MMF was significantly associated with health literacy and literacy status of mother, birth order of child (P<0.001).<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><br />The study revealed that majority of mothers practiced inadequate complementary feeding. The feeding practices were found to be significantly associated with various socio- demographic factors which highlighted the importance of addressing these factors for improvement of feeding practices and prevention of various health related problems among children.
Child,Complementary Feeding,Minimum dietary diversity,Minimum meal frequency,Minimum acceptable diet
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7811.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7811_1bdeffd897f6ebbb1c2003db1c802fa0.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Comparison the Accuracy of Fetal Brain Extraction from T2-Half-Fourier Acquisition Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo (HASTE) MR Image with T2-True Fast Imaging with Steady State Free Precession (TRUFI) MR Image by Level Set Algorithm
4561
4567
EN
Mansour
Zabihzadeh
Department of Medical Physics and Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
manzabih@gmail.com
Morteza
Pishghadam
Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
mortezapishghadam@gmail.com
Kamran
Kazemi
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran.
kamrankazemi@gmail.com
Sirous
Nekooi
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
sirosnekooeii@gmail.com
Mohamad Javad
Tahmasebi Birgani
Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
mohjavtahbirg@gmail.com
Farrokh
Seilanian-Toosi
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
10.22038/ijp.2017.22292.1864
<strong><em>Background</em></strong><br /><strong><em> </em></strong>Access to appropriate images of fetal brain can greatly assist to diagnose of probable abnormalities. The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of T2-True Fast Imaging with Steady State Free Precession (T2-TRUFI), and T2-Half-Fourier Acquisition Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo (T2- HASTE( magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to extract the fetal brain using the level set algorithm.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Method: </em></strong>T2-TRUFI and T2-HASTE MRI of the uterus were performed. The fetal brain was cropped from the image manually, with an adequate margin of maternal tissues; and then the fetal brain was extracted using level set. The outcome was statistically analyzed to compare its success, error (Sensitivity and Specificity), and similarities (Dice and Jaccard), with those of images obtained by radiologist.<br /><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>The mean values of statistical tests to evaluate the similarity (Dice and Jaccard) and the success and error (Sensitivity and specificity) between two T2-TRUFI and T2-HASTE were calculated as 97.35%, 94.98%, 95.88%, 95.88%, 99.45%, 91.10%,83.82%, 86.44% and 99.11%, respectively. However, the results from two images showed high scores to extract the fetal brain, but images from the T2-HASTE technique resulted in better visually output.<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><br />Based on our results, the T2-HASTE MR images are preferred to fetal brain extraction by level set algorithm compared to the T2-TRUFI MR images.
Level set algorithm,Fetal brain extraction,MR images,sensitivity,specificity
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8347.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8347_5ed0481700760cff89b39e072ab0b0b4.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Study of Polymorphism of the DRD2 Gene (-141C Ins/Del, rs1799732) with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder a Population Sample of Children in Iranian-Azeri
4569
4574
EN
Leila
Mehdizadeh Fanid
0000000349354080
Cognitive Neuroscience, PhD. Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences. University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Bolvard, Tabriz, Iran, IR.
lfanid@yahoo.co.uk
Mina
Adampourezare
Physiology, MSc. Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences. University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Bolvard, Tabriz, Iran, IR.
adampourezare@gmail.com
Mohammad Ali
HosseinpourFeizi
Radiobiology, Prof. Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences. University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Bolvard, Tabriz, Iran.
pourfeizi@eastp.ir
SeyedGholamreza
Noorazar
Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist MD & Psychiatry assistant professor of Tabriz university of medical science, Tabriz, Iran.
s.gh.noorazar@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2016.21049.1764
<strong><em>Background</em></strong><br />Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a multifactorial disorder and converging evidence has implicated abnormalities of dopamine neurotransmission. The aim of this study was to examine the association of -141 polymorphisms in DRD<sub>2</sub> gene with ADHA among Iranian-Azeri population.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods </em></strong><br />A case–control association study included 153 patients with attention deficit hyper activity disorder (case group), and 133 healthy subjects (control group). Genomic DNA was extracted peripheral blood samples by salting-out method. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The data analysis was performed through Chi-square, with a significance level of 0.05.<br /><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>There was not significant difference in the allele and genotype frequencies between ADHD and -141C Ins/Del polymorphism in cases and controls (P>0.05). Ins/Ins homozygous dominants were more frequent in control group than the case group, but there was not significant difference observed (P>0.05). Del/Del homozygous dominants were not observed. No significant difference was detected in the allele and genotype frequencies between ADHD and -141 Insertion/Deletion polymorphism in cases and control groups (P>0.05).<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><br />Our results do not detected association between the -141C Ins/Del, rs1799732, polymorphism and ADHD disorder in population of Children in Iranian-Azeri.
ADHD,DRD2 gene,Iranian children,Polymorphism
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8107.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8107_0c59ce4f00a24784cfa60cb66a602b29.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin in Neonates
4575
4599
EN
Gian Maria
Pacifici
via San Andrea 32, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
pacifici@biomed.unipi.it
Gian Maria
Pacifici
via San Andrea 32, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
pacificigm@tiscali.it
10.22038/ijp.2017.22354.1869
Gentamicin is a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic, it inhibits the protein synthesis. Gentamicin is active against the majority of aerobic gram-negative bacilli such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella and Escherichia coli. The gentamicin doses are 3 mg/kg once-daily for preterm newborns < 35 weeks of gestation and 4 mg/kg once-daily for newborns > 35 weeks of gestation. The monitoring of gentamicin serum concentration is recommended when infants are treated for 48 hours or more. The gentamicin peak concentration must be at least 8 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to be bactericidal and the gentamicin trough concentration must be < 2 µg/ml to avoid ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.<br />Once-daily dosing of gentamicin (4 mg/kg), is preferred than twice-daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg gentamicin. A gentamicin loading dose (4 mg/kg), followed by once-daily dosing of 2.5 mg/kg yields safe and target range in neonates. An extended dosing interval of 48-hour (5 mg/kg gentamicin), was compared with twice-daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg gentamicin. Infants in the 48-hour interval and in the twice-daily achieved peak gentamicin concentrations of 9.43 µg/ml and 6.0 µg/ml, respectively, (p<0.001), and trough gentamicin concentrations were 1.08 µg/ml and 1.54 µg/ml, respectively, (p<0.001). The infants born small for gestational age have a reduced gentamicin clearance, and a more prolonged gentamicin half-life than infants born appropriate for gestational age. Patent ductus arteriosus, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, therapeutic hypothermia, and asphyxia reduce the gentamicin clearance.
effects,Gentamicin,Neonates,Pharmacokinetics,Resistance,Toxicity
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8365.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8365_44a262c6a0e188d2e410cf0c8eaf2505.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Comparison Study of Causes and Neonatal Mortality Rates of Newborns Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital in Al-Amara City, Iraq
4601
4611
EN
Eman
Alsadi
Instructor, C.A.B.P in Pediatric, Pediatrics Department, College of Medicine, Missan University, Amarah, Maysan, Iraq.
ali2014201466@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2017.22315.1868
<strong><em>Background</em></strong><br />Each year about 32.4 million of children are born with low birth weight, which is below the 10<sup>th</sup> percentile for their gestational ages; moreover, about fifteen million of them are premature. Actually, about 60% of neonatal deaths occur in low birth weight neonates related to their prematurity. This study aimed to determine the neonatal death rate and the most common causes of the hospital inborn admissions to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods</em></strong><br />A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in NICU, during two separated periods one in 2007 and the other during 2015. All consecutive live born babies from 1st of January to 31st of December of 2007 were included as 1st period studied and the second period from 1st of January to 31st of December 2015. The neonatal mortality rate (NMR), and causes of deaths in two years, were studied and compared.<br /><strong><em>Results</em></strong><br />In 1st period, the neonatal death rate in NICU was 27.2 %, while in 2nd period; it was 33.9%, which was higher. The commonest causes of neonatal death were the same but, the percentages were different and the leading causes of death from the higher frequencies down were hyaline membrane syndrome, birth asphyxia, congenital anomalies, meconium aspiration and others.<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><br />The neonatal death rate in the NICU was higher in 2015, compared to 2007. This needs special efforts for strengthen the strategies of neonatal care and management at the time of delivery and even before and during intrauterine life through good antenatal care to improve the NICU outcome.
Birth Asphyxia,Infants,Neonatal death rate,RDS,Preterm
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8372.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8372_0709921468f1a2b58c4229408136f4da.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Association of Trans-theoretical Model (TTM) based Exercise Behavior Change with Body Image Evaluation among Female Iranian Students
4613
4623
EN
Sahar
Rostami
Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
rostamee.sf@gmail.com
Arezoo
Fallahi
0000-0002-6375-4614
Assistant professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
arezofalahi91@gmail.com
Tahereh
Pashaei
Assistant professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
pashaeit@gmail.com
Daem
Roshani
0000-0003-4746-1114
Assistant professor, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. .
daemroshani@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2017.21152.1776
<strong><em>Background</em></strong><br />Body image is a determinant of individual attractiveness and physical activity among the young people. This study was aimed to assess the association of Trans-theoretical model based exercise behavior change with body image evaluation among the female Iranian students.<br /><strong><em>Materials and Methods</em></strong><br />This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sanandaj city, Iran in 2016. Using multistage sampling method, a total of 816 high school female students were included in the study. They completed a three-section questionnaire, including demographic information, Trans-theoretical model constructs and body image evaluation. The obtained data were fed into SPSS version 21.0. <br /><strong><em>Results</em></strong><br />The results showed more than 60% of participants were in the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages of exercise behavior. The means of perceived self-efficacy, barriers and benefits were found to have a statistically significant difference during the stages of exercise behavior change (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the stages of exercise behavior change and fitness evaluation, fitness orientation, subjective weight and body areas satisfaction subscales (P<0.05). The interaction effect of self-efficacy and body image on exercise behavior were reported to be statistically significant (P<0.05).<br /><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><br />The findings of this study indicated poor physical activity and effect of body image on doing exercise. Body image and designing interventions to promote exercise behavior are suggested to be taken into account.
Adolescent,Body image,Iranian students,Physical Activity,Trans-theoretical Model
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8175.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8175_e7ba6a161c74399a935435d7c06d2201.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
5
3
2017
03
01
Refugees in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Needs, Problems and Challenges
4625
4639
EN
Habibolah
Taghizadeh Moghaddam
Department of Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Seyed Javad
Sayedi
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
j_sayedi@yahoo.com
Zahra
Emami Moghadam
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Abbas
Bahreini
4Resident of Neurosurgery, Faculty of edicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Maryam
Ajilian Abbasi
Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Masumeh
Saeidi
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
10.22038/ijp.2017.8452
As host to some of the world’s biggest emergencies and protracted crises, the Eastern Mediterranean Region carries the largest burden of displaced populations globally. Out of 58 million displaced persons worldwide, almost 30 million (52%) come from the Region. Syria is currently the world’s biggest producer of refugees and internally displaced persons, with more than 40% of the population now displaced. Afghanistan and Somalia face two of the longest-spanning refugee situations, with Afghanis constituting the second-largest refugee group in the world after Syrians, and Somalia facing one of the world’s most complex refugee situations. The Region is also witness to massive internal displacement. More than 4 million people in Iraq are now displaced inside the country. In Yemen, one of the world humanitarian crises in the world, more than 2.4 million people have relocated to safer areas to escape the violence.<br />Countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region have shown generous hospitality towards displaced populations. Lebanon, a country of four million people, is now the highest per capita host of refugees in the world, with refugees comprising almost a third of the total population. In Jordan, Syrians make up 10% of the population. Iran is host to 3 million Afghan refugees, during the last thirty years. Pakistan, a country with more than 1.5 million internally displaced persons, is also host to more than 1.5 million refugees from Afghanistan. With the majority of refugees and internally displaced persons across the region living outside camp settings, both displaced populations and host communities, are exposed to increased public health risks. These include infectious diseases due to overcrowded living conditions, limited access to safe water and sanitation, and varying degrees of access to primary health care services.
Eastern Mediterranean Region,displaced people,Health problems,Refugees
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8452.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_8452_e285ddd4b5ba770cc15a7e8135c0e722.pdf