Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Autoimmune Thyroid Disorder in Children and Adolescents with Type I Diabetes Mellitus
7433
7442
EN
Areege
Al-omrani
Professor, CABP, Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, AL-Nahrain University , Baghdad, Iraq.
masterr78@ymail.com
Abdul-karem
Al-bahadily
Professor, FICPS, Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, AL-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
ahmeds201258@yahoo.com
Enas
Reyadh
Board Student Doctor, Pediatric Department, Al-Imamain Al-Kadhimain Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq.
ahmedsalihdr2008@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2018.28918.2524
<strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Background</span></em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Type one diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) is the most common type of diabetes in children and adolescents, arising through a complex interaction of immune, genetic and environmental factors. Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most frequent disorder associated with Type one diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease in children and adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus.</span><br /> <strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Materials and Methods</span></em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Cross sectional case control study was made on forty diabetic children with regular attending to the Endocrinology clinic and patients from pediatric ward in Al-Imamain Al-Kadhimain Medical City, Eraq, and forty healthy children matching in aged (1-15 years) and gender were taken as control. History taking, clinical examination, measurement of hemoglobin A1C, serum thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies and serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels were carried out. Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine were measured.</span><br /> <strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Results</span></em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Serum thyroid peroxidase antibodies was positive in 15 % of diabetic patients, while it was negative in controls. In those with positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies 100% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 50% had hyperthyroidism. Risk of autoimmune thyroid disease was more in patients older than 5 years and it was neither related to the degree of control of diabetes nor to the duration, but it was more common in females.</span><br /> <strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Conclusion</span></em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">There is higher incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease in children and adolescents with type one diabetes compared with normal children and this risk is not related to duration of diabetes, but it is more common in those older than 5 years. The risk of hypothyroidism is double the risk of hyperthyroidism in these patients.</span>
Autoimmune thyroid disease,Children,Type I diabetes mellitus
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10324.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10324_f68f6b3297257644fb7824b71005f826.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Executive Functions in Preschool Children Born Preterm in Canton Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
7443
7450
EN
Irma
Dzambo
Health Center of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
irmadzambo@yahoo.com
Lutvo
Sporisevic
Health Center of Sarajevo Canton, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
dr.sporisevic@gmail.com
Haris
Memisevic
0000-0001-7340-3618
University of Sarajevo, Department of special education, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
hmemisevic@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2018.29481.2584
Background: Preterm born children are at an increased risk for having cognitive and motor impairments at preschool age. In addition to this, children born preterm have a number of deficits in executive functioning. Although there are numerous studies examining executive functions (EF) in preterm born children, few used ecologically valid measures of EF. The goal of the present study was to examine EF in preschool children born preterm. Materials and Methods: The sample for this study consisted of 40 preschool children aged 5 – 6 years old born preterm, both sexes (21 boys, 19 girls). EFs were measured with Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function- Preschool Version, an ecologically valid instrument for EF assessment. Results: The results of this study revealed that the greatest EF deficits were in the area of emotional control and working memory. There were no gender differences in EF except for the domain of emotional control, with boys having larger deficits. Conclusion: Given the high rate of EF deficits in preschool children born preterm, it is of utmost importance to provide them with adequate therapeutic modalities early in preschool period. Pediatricians, psychologists and early education specialists should work together in identifying the potential EF problems in preterm born preschool children and in making the programs for ameliorating EF deficits.
Bosnia and Herzegovina,Executive functions,Preterm born children,preschool children
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10370.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10370_a3bca59feca85c68e21c2b73a1ad7487.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Clinical Pharmacology of the Antimalarial Quinine in Children
7451
7465
EN
Gian Maria
Pacifici
via San Andrea 32, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
pacifici@biomed.unipi.it
10.22038/ijp.2018.30206.2658
Quinine is the best studied drug for treating severe malaria in very young children. Quinine may be administered in pregnancy and, at therapeutic doses, malformations have not been reported. Some strains of quinine from Southeast Asia and South America have become resistant. Quinine is the treatment of choice for the drug-resistant severe Plasmodium falciparum. The antimalarial mechanism of quinine is the binding to heme preventing its detoxification. The dose of quinine is 10 mg/kg every 12 hours, and it may be administered orally, intramuscularly or intravenously. When it is administrated intravenously it must be infused slowly over 2 to 4 hours. The treatment of severe/complicated childhood malaria appears to be evolving, and in 2005, the Indian Academy of Pediatrics Guideline recommended quinine, suggesting that artesunate/artemether was the less preferred alternative. In 2008, the Infectious Diseases Chapter, Indian Academy of Pediatrics recommended quinine with tetracycline/doxycycline/clindamycin in line with the WHO 2006 statement. In 2010, the WHO recommended aresunate for treating malaria infection, positioning quinine as an alternative. Malaria is caused by three parasites namely: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium ovale. Plasmodium falciparum is the most common and virulent parasite. These parasites are present in different areas of the sub-Saharan African countries and Asia. In 2010, there were estimated 219 million cases of malaria resulting in 666,000 deaths and two-thirds were children. Children are more vulnerable than adults to malaria parasites. The aim of this study is to review the published data on the clinical pharmacology of quinine in children.
Antimalarials,Children,Infants,Malaria,Quinine
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10408.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10408_07d25b3b779ec2b05303e069fc767d47.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Hyperinsulinemic Euglycemia and Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Treatments for Calcium Channel Blocker and Beta Blocker Poisoning: A Report of Two Cases
7466
7472
EN
Sinem
Sarı Gökay
0000000214678619
Çukurova University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Emergency, Adana, Turkey.
sinemsr@yahoo.com
Hayri Levent
Yılmaz
Çukurova University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Emergency, Adana, Turkey.
hly@superonline.com
Rıza Dinçer
Yıldızdaş
Çukurova University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Adana, Turkey.
rdy@gmail.com
Özden Özgür
Horoz
Çukurova University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Adana, Turkey.
öozden@yahoo.com
Özlem
Tolu Kendir
Çukurova University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Emergency, Adana, Turkey.
otolu80@hotmail.com
Tuğçe
Çelik
Çukurova University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Emergency, Adana, Turkey.
tugcelik83@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2018.28390.2467
Poisoning with calcium channel blockers and beta blockers are associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, especially in children. Treatment of poisoning with these drugs includes administration of atropine, glucagon, calcium and inotropic agents as clinically needed; and newer approaches like hyperinsulinemic euglycemia and intravenous lipid emulsion therapies. We herein present two refractory cases of calcium channel blocker and beta blocker poisoning that underwent hyperinsulinemic euglycemia and intravenous lipid emulsion interventions.<br />CASE 1<br />A 17-year-old female patient has been brought to our setting unconscious and recalcitrantly hypotensive and bradycardic after taking 8 tablets of 90 mg diltiazem hydrochloride. The patient was given saline, atropine, repeating doses of calcium gluconate, dopamine, noradrenaline, hyperinsulinemic euglycemia treatment, hemodiafiltration, and lipid administration. She achieved a full recovery during follow-up, and was discharged with cure.<br />CASE 2<br />A 17-year-old girl, who developed an unresponsive hypotension after ingesting 12 tablets of 12.5 mg carvedilol, 6 – 7 tablets of 450 mg diosmin + 50 mg hesperidin, and 6–7 tablets of 10 mg metoclopramide hydrochloride, was treated with saline, glucagon, calcium gluconate, dopamine, noradrenaline, and administration of hyperinsulinemic euglycemia and lipid. The patient responded well to the treatment, and was discharged with cure.<br />The newer treatment modality of lipid emulsion has been reported to achieve promising results by several reports in the literature; however, there are a limited number of published cases regarding its use in children. Further studies to assess the pediatric utilization of these treatment approaches are needed.
Beta blockers,Calcium channel blockers,Child,Lipid,and Poisoning
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10403.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10403_a295f188454ad1fef4609a06328018df.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Agenesis of Right Lung: A Rare Congenital Disorder
7473
7478
EN
Vasudha
Nikam
Professor and Head of the Department of Anatomy; Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College, DYPatil Education Society, Deemed to be University, Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State,India.
dr.vasudhanikam@gmail.com
Pramod
Nagure
Consulting Radiologist, Eureka Diagnostics and Research Centre, Kolhapur, India.
drnagurepramod@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2018.29561.2593
<br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly in which there is absence of pulmonary parenchyma as well as its bold vessels. It is an unusual cause of respiratory distress in newborn. Unilateral agenesis of lung is often associated with other congenital anomalies. The condition may lead to diagnostic difficulties. </span></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Right pulmonary agenesis has poor prognosis. Here we present a case of female child of one year with a history of recurrent chest infection, fever and respiratory distress and on investigations was diagnosed with right pulmonary agenesis.</span></span><br />
Congenital anomalies,India,Pulmonary agenesis,Opaque hemithorax
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10409.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10409_8958382449ba7e197445507ac49ca1f0.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
New-Onset Bacterial Sinusitis in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients; Case Series and Review of Literature
7479
7488
EN
Naghi
Dara
0000-0002-1881-8893
Assistant Prof. of Pediatric Gastroentrohepatology, Pediatric Gastroentrology and Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health; Mofid hildren's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.
drdara49@yahoo.com
Farid
Imanzadeh
Associate Prof. of Pediatric Gastroentrohepatology, Pediatric Gastroentrology and Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health; Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.
drimanzadeh@yahoo.com
Saleheh
Tajalli
0000-0002-2045-6430
Neonatal health research center, Research Institute for Children Health, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
saleheh_tajalli@yahoo.com
Amirhossein
Hosseini
0000-0001-8103-8833
Assistant Prof. of Pediatric Gastroentrohepatology, Pediatric Gastroentrology and Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health; Mofid hildren's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.
amir1981hosseini@gmail.com
Seyed Mohsen
Dehghani
Prof. of Pediatric Gastroentrohepatology, Department of pediatric Gastroentrology and Hepatology, Nemazee teaching hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
dehghanism@yahoo.com
Aliakbar
Sayyari
Prof. of Pediatric Gastroentrohepatology, Pediatric Gastroentrology and Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health; Mofid hildren's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.
drsayyari@hotmail.com
Katayoun
Khatami
Assistant Prof. of Pediatric Gastroentrohepatology, Pediatric Gastroentrology and Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health; Mofid hildren's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.
k_khatami@sbmu.ac.ir
Pejman
Rohani
Assistant Prof. of Pediatric Gastroentrohepatology, Pediatric Gastroentrology and Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health; Mofid hildren's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.
rohanipejman@sbmu.ac.ir
Roxana
Azma
Department of radiology, Pediatric Gastroentrology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
roxana.azma@sbmu.ac.ir
Mitra
Khalili
Department of Radiology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
m.khalili76@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2017.27624.2387
Introduction: As a standard measure in some chronic liver disorder, liver transplantation (LT) has performed for about 3 decades in pediatric populations. Post operatively some patients suffering from infectious complications by viral, bacterial and fungal etiologies. Here in we presented 10 children diagnosed as bacterial sinusitis presenting with prolonged fever and upper respiratory tract symptoms post LT and review the literature.<br />Case presentation: Ten pediatric LT recipients including 7 boys and 3 girls, aged 1.5 to 8 years (4.7±2.34) with mean weight of 15.6 Kg (range; 11.4–27.5 Kg) were diagnosed as bacterial sinusitis during December 2013 to March 2017. Patients were suffering from respiratory symptoms and prolonged fever. After ruling out other diagnosis and by performing through investigation, we confirmed bacterial sinusitis by sputum culture and result of antibiogram and paranasal Computed Tomography (CT) scan. All patients dramatically responded to intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotic.<br />Conclusion: In post LT patients who are, suffering from fever or prolonged fever with upper respiratory signs and symptoms, acute sinusitis should kept in mind. Therefore, timely diagnoses coupled with taking therapeutic measures using broad-spectrum antibiotics could prevent disease progression and complications.
Children,Complications,Liver transplantation,Systematic review
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9865.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9865_00cf4191f01bee9e4981212741882abe.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Clinical Manifestations of Acute Hemolysis in Children with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Fars Province, Iran
7489
7494
EN
Naser
Honar
Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
nhonar@sums.ac.ir
Haniyeh
Javanmardi
Student Research Committee, Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
javanmardihanieh@yahoo.com
Forough
Saki
0000-0003-1900-5242
Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
forughs@yahoo.com
Azadeh
Rezaeefard
Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
hollystar1979@yahoo.com
Mahdi
Shahriari
Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
shahriarimahdi@sums.ac.ir
10.22038/ijp.2017.26802.2311
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em>Background: </em></strong>Absence or deficiency in Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme in patients with G6PD deficiency presents with a wide spectrum of symptoms. This study evaluates the clinical features of acute hemolysis in children with G6PD deficiency. </span><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em>Materials and Methods: </em></strong>Seventy G6PD deficient children younger than 18 years old were included in this cross sectional study in Dastgheib Hospital of Shiraz in South West of Iran. Complete blood count, zinc level, reticulocyte count, peripheral blood smear, liver function tests and coombs test were performed for all patients. Subject were observed for multiple clinical manifestations such as paleness, Yellow sclera, Dark Urine, abdominal pain, back pain, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, liver tenderness, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, changes in level of consciousness according to Glasgow Coma Scale.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>All of the G6PD deficient children developed paleness at the time of admission. The next frequent manifestations in our population were yellow sclera and dark urine that were present in 69 and 68 patients, respectively. The least prevalent features were diarrhea and constipation. Liver tenderness, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were not found in our population. There were no significant differencesin age distribution between the boys and girls (p>0.05). There were not any significant correlation between each clinical manifestation and the primary Hemoglobin (Hb) level, number of needed transfusion, severity of hemoglobinuria and hospitalization duration (p>0.05).</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong>In this study, pallor, icterus and dark urine were the three important symptoms in G6PD patients with acute hemolysis. There was no correlation between the primary clinical symptoms and severity of the hospital course characteristics of the patients such as Hb level, hemoglobinuria and number of needed transfusion.</span>
Acute hemolysis,Children,Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency,Iran
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9484.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9484_da1e95d0521619a847871dc2332069c8.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Two Case Reports of Netherton Syndrome: Hair Shaft Examination Is Known As a Diagnostic Test
7495
7499
EN
Armen
Malekiantaghi
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterology, Bahrami Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
arme_md@yahoo.com
Ahmad
Khodadad
Professor of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran.
ahmadkhodadad@gmail.com
Vajiheh
Modaresisaryazdi
Associate Professor of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch Department of Pediatric, Yazd, Iran.
drmodarressi@gmail.com
Kambiz
Eftekhari
0000-0003-3471-2498
Associated Professor Of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterology, Bahrami Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
dr_k_eftekhary@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2018.29913.2634
Background: Netherton syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder consisting of ichthyosiform dermatosis, hair shaft abnormalities and an atopic diathesis that presents as widespread erythematous skin. The aim of these reports is emphasis on the importance of the examination of hair as a diagnose route. <br />Case presentation: Case 1: A 6 months old boy with respiratory distress and severe erythematous itchy scaling lesions. He had been under treatment of topical steroid without improvement. Case 2: A 28 days old boy admitted for failure to thrive with presentation of extensive dermatologic involvement, severe dehydration and respiratory distress.<br />Findings: Examination of hair under light microscopy revealed trichorrhexis invaginata, highly suggestive for Netherton syndrome.<br />Conclusion: In countries where access to genetic diagnostic tests is difficult, hair examination is the best and inexpensive definitive diagnostic method compared to the expensive genetic tests for diagnose of Netherton syndrome.
Hair,Ichthyosiform dermatosis,Netherton syndrome,Trichorrhexis
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10411.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10411_4e4c016f9b5225e31640fab9b7965d22.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
A Hospital Based Bivariate Analysis of Nutritional Status and its Determinants among the Children Aged 2 to 12 Years in an Indian Island
7501
7510
EN
Singh
Ritu
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Community Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Andaman Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, Andamans, India.
drritu80@gmail.com
Rao
Shivani
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Community Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Andaman Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, Andamans, India.
shivani.idsp@gmail.com
Thatkar
Vithal Pandurang
Tutor cum Statistician, Department of Pediatrics, Community Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Andaman Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, Andamans, India.
p.thatkar@gmail.com
Narayanan
Rajaram
0000-0003-1604-2005
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Community Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Andaman Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, Andamans, India.
drnaan@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2018.28942.2556
<strong><em><span>Background: </span></em></strong><span>Malnutrition in children is a major public health problem in developing countries and is one of the common causes of mortality and morbidity in children. We aimed to determine the nutritional status of children aged 2-12 years of age using World Health Organisation(WHO) Z score for Weight for age (WFA)/Body Mass Index (BMI) for age (for children above 108 months), and to evaluate association between underweight and various socio-demographic factors.</span><br /> <strong><em><span>Materials and Methods</span></em></strong><br /> <span>A total of 444 children aged 2-12 years (24-144 months) were enrolled in the study. The children’s anthropometric measurements were taken using the standard operating procedures; the socio-demographic particulars were obtained using a pretested validated questionnaire, after obtaining written consent from their parents. The anthropometric data was analyzed using WHO Anthro and Anthro plus Softwares. Underweight and severe underweight was diagnosed if WFA Z score <= -2 standard deviation [SD] and <br /> <strong><em><span>Results: </span></em></strong><span>Overall prevalence of under nutrition among the children 24-144 months of age was 30.8%. Among children in the age groups of 24-59 months, 60-119 months and 120-144 months, the prevalence of underweight/thinness was 27.9%, 31.3% and 26.4%, respectively. Severe underweight/thinness in the same age groups was 7.1%, 10.7%, and 11.3%, respectively. The socio- demographic factors significantly associated with underweight were education status of mother, occupation of father, number of siblings, type of family and religion (p<0.05).</span><br /> <strong><em><span>Conclusion: </span></em></strong><span>Mild to moderate under nutrition was common among the children of the island and affects boys slightly more than girls, however, severe underweight is more prevalent in girls. </span></span>
Children,India,Nutritional Status,Underweight
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10415.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10415_f6f770e7c1cfb7442fc24bf612ce96a7.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Effect of Ondansetron on the Incidence of Ketamine Associated Vomiting in Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Children: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
7511
7518
EN
Saeed
Majidi Nejad
Emergency Medicine Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Leila
Goudarzi
Faculty of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Farhad
Heydari
0000-0002-6296-0045
Emergency Medicine Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
drfarhadheydari@gmail.com
10.22038/ijp.2018.29446.2577
<strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Background</span></em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Vomiting is a common side effect of ketamine in children's sedation and there is still controversy about the use of an anti-emetic drug along with ketamine to reduce this complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ondansetron in controlling vomiting induced by intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV) ketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in children in the emergency department (ED). </span><br /> <strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Materials and Methods</span></em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, children aged 1 to 10 years who received ketamine for ED procedures were randomized into four groups receive IV ketamine (1.5 mg/kg), and placebo, IM ketamine (5mg/kg) and placebo, IV ketamine and IV ondansetron (0.15 mg/kg), and IM ketamine and oral ondansetron. The incidence of nausea and vomiting and ED length of stay were compared as the outcome of the study. </span><br /> <strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Results</span></em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">One hundred eighty children were enrolled and randomized to four groups; 29 patients (15.0%) had nausea and vomiting. The incidence of vomiting was 26.7% in the IV ketamine-placebo group and 8.9% in the IV ketamine/ IV ondansetron group (P = 0.02). The incidence of vomiting was 17.8% in the IM ketamine-placebo group and 11.1% in the IM ketamine/oral ondansetron group (P = 0.17). ED length of stay was similar between groups. </span><br /> <strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Conclusion</span></em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">According to current results, children administered IV ondansetron before IV ketamine experienced a significantly reduced incidence of vomiting but did not significantly affect length of ED stay and the addition of oral ondansetron to IM ketamine dose not reduce vomiting.</span>
Children,Conscious sedation,Ondansetron,Ketamine
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10354.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10354_6f1c07821330fb06c1eeed1cf6025063.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Factors Involved in the Mortality of Infants under the Age of One Year in Bandar Abbas-Iran: A Document-Based Study
7519
7527
EN
Sakineh
Dadipoor
PhD Student of Health Education and Health Promotion, Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
mdadipoor@yahoo.com
Azin
Alavi
Gynecologist, Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
a.zinalavi@yahoo.com
Arash
Ziapour
orcid.org/0000-0001-
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
arashziapoor@gmail.com
Ali
Safari-Moradabadi
0000-0002-8310-5160
PhD Student of Health Education and Health Promotion, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
alisafari_31@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2017.27526.2375
<strong><em><span>Background</span></em></strong><br /> <span>The first year of life is of a great significance in promoting health and the quality of life. The present research aimed to determine the factors affecting the mortality of infants below the age of one year in Bandar Abbas, Iran.</span><br /> <strong><em><span>Materials and Methods</span></em></strong><br /> <span>The present retrospective research was conducted based on a questionnaire developed by the present researchers as well as the analysis of documents along with a phone interview. The data collection method was to review the files in the medical records of Bandar Abbas Children's Hospital in 2017. In case it was needed, visits were paid to the houses of the 342 infant participants who were under one year of age. The data entered SPSS 16.0 software. </span><br /> <strong><em><span>Results</span></em></strong><br /> <span>According to the present results, from 342 case (148 cases occurred in 2016 and 194 cases in 2015), 223 subjects (65.2%) had died during infancy and 119 subjects (34.8%) died between one month to one year of age. The highest frequency of death occurred within the first 7 days. The most important cause of infant death was sepsis and the primary cause of one month to one year children was preterm birth. Data analysis in the present study showed statistically significant relationship between the following variables and infant mortality: birth weight (p</span><span lang="FA" dir="RTL">˂</span><span>.001), type of delivery (p=0.045), type of infant nutrition (p<0.001), and type of birth (p=0.002)</span><br /> <strong><em><span>Conclusion</span></em></strong><br /> <span>The most important cause of infant death was sepsis and the primary cause of one month to one year children was preterm birth. Special attention to infancy <span>particularly preterm infants, advertise natural delivery, and early diagnosis of congenital anomalies, can help to cut down on the rate of infant mortality.</span></span>
Affective factors,Infant,Iran,Mortality
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9666.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9666_c85965767a0235f9588e0fc3e3b28b09.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Sleep Quality and Disturbances in Children and Adolescents with Cancers: A Cross-Sectional Study
7529
7542
EN
Mahdieh
Momayyezi
Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
mahdieh_momayyezi@yahoo.com
Hossein
Fallahzadeh
0000-0001-6518-366X
Professor, Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
hofaab@yahoo.com
Fatemeh Farzaneh
Farzaneh
MSc Student of Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
sadaf_9498@yahoo.com
Mohammad
Momayyezi
Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
momayyezi_m@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2018.28729.2509
<br /> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong><em>Background</em></strong> </span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Childhood cancer has very unpleasant side effects on patients. A common problem among patients is sleep disturbance owing to a variety of causes. This study aimed to determine the sleep quality and disturbances in children and adolescents with cancer in Yazd, Iran.</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong><em>Materials and Methods</em></strong> </span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;">This study was a descriptive cross-sectional on 101 patients aged 4-18 years who referred to the Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd, Iran, and were treated with the diagnosis of cancer. Sleep quality was assessed via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software. </span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong><em>Results</em></strong></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;">The mean age of the patients was 9.54 ± 3.97 years and 59.4% were girls. The mean duration of cancer was 12.82 ± 2.66 months.The mean of PSQI was 6.49 ± 3.14 (of the total score 21). Considering a cutoff point 5, (60.9%) of patients were identified as poor sleeper. The mean of sleep duration was 7.72 ± 1.68 hours and mean of sleep latency was 35.45 ± 29.73 minutes. The mean of fatigue was increased with increasing the average of sleep quality (P =0.000).</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: x-small;">According to the results, more than half of children with cancer had poor sleep quality. According to frequent waking ups during the night, and sleep duration reduction, it is necessary to set time nursing care during the night to prevent frequent waking during the night.</span><br />
Adolescent,Cancer,Children,Sleep Disorders
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10313.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10313_6b729768f3b4de612ed04920faad733b.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Effects of Facilitated Tucking On Duration and Frequency of Crying During Rest among Hospitalized Premature Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial
7543
7552
EN
Leila
Valizadeh
0000-0001-7047-5309
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz, Iran.
valizadehl@tbzmed.ac.ir
Golnar
Ghahremani
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz, Iran.
golnar.gahramani@yahoo.com
Manizheh
Mostafa Gharehbaghi
0000-0002-1553-748X
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Medicine Faculty, Tabriz, , Iran.
gharehbaghimm@yahoo.com
Mohammad
Asghari Jafarabadi
0000-0003-3284-9749
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz, Iran.
m.asghari862@gmail.com
Mahni
Rahkar Farshi
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz, Iran.
rahkarfarshim@tbzmed.ac.ir
10.22038/ijp.2017.25071.2126
<strong><em><span>Background: </span></em></strong><span>Infants born prematurely experience more self-regulation problems in comparison to term infants. Increasing crying in premature infants can disrupt sleep and awaking pattern and it can increase stress. This study aimed to determine the effects of facilitated fetal tuckingon duration and frequency of crying amongpremature infants.</span><br /> <strong><em><span>Materials and Methods: </span></em></strong><span>This randomized, clinical trial was carried out in the Al-Zahra Hospital of Tabriz, Iran. Thirty-two premature infants (33-36 weeks) were selected for the study. The initial selection of the participants was based on the simple random sampling. Then the participants were allocated to groups using randomized block procedure. Every infant was studied for 4 days and in 12h period every day (8 A.M to 8 P.M) in this sequential study infants were randomly assigned 2 days in free-body posture and 2 days in facilitated fetal tucking posture. Films recorded in the 12 – h periods. <span> </span></span><br /> <strong><em><span>Results: </span></em></strong><span>The mean of crying time for facilitated fetal tucking group was 17.50 minutes and at the free-body posture was 23.35 minutes. The frequencies of crying in facilitated fetal tucking group were lower than free-body posture group.<span> </span>Also statistically significant difference was observed between durations of crying (p=0.009) and frequencies of crying (p=0.01).</span><br /> <strong><em><span>Conclusion: </span></em></strong><span>It is concluded that the fetal tucking posture reduces duration and frequency of crying during rest times among infants born prematurely which leads to an improvement in sleep and waking cycles and reduces stress in premature infant. It provides to premature infant’s self- regulation and adaptation to the surrounding environment.</span>
Crying,Facilitated fetal tucking,Infants,Neonatal ward
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9424.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9424_251ec6f6b995fc43eb4fde9e79c81506.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Head Louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) among Primary School Girls in Qom Province, Central Iran
7553
7562
EN
Abedin
Saghafipour
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
abed.saghafi@yahoo.com
Alireza
Zahraei-Ramazani
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
azahraei@tums.ac.ir
Hassan
Vatandoost
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
hvatandoost1@yahoo.com
Ehssan
Mozaffari
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
ehssan.mozafari@gmail.com
Fatemeh
Rezaei
0000-0003-2977-2699
Department of Social Medicine, Medicine School Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
frezaeik@yahoo.com
Moharram
KaramiJooshin
Health Center of Qom Province, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
mkarami@yahoo.com
10.22038/ijp.2018.28112.2434
<br /> <strong><em><span>Background: </span></em></strong><span>Head louse infestation is highly common in collective centers such as schools, garrisons and campuses. This study was done to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with <em>Pediculus humanus capitis</em> in primary school girls in Qom Provincecentral Iran. </span><br /> <strong><em><span>Materials and Methods: </span></em></strong><span>This descriptive –analytic study was conducted among 1,725 feminine primary students from 89 schools of Qom province, Central Iran were randomly selected during 2015</span><span> to 2017</span><span>. Data collection was done using standard check list that was provided by the Iran Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and physical exams of the hair</span><span>by visual scalp examination. Head examinations were performed by medical entomologist experts. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 20.0 software.</span><br /> <strong><em><span>Results: </span></em></strong><span>The prevalence rate of infestation was 13.28%. The rate of head lice infestation was 13.73% in the urban areas and 10.22% in the villages. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, a significant relationship was observed between <em>Pediculus capitis </em>and each of these factors: family size, water source, family income (per month for each family, in US dollars), father occupation, parental education, access to primary health care services, having previous history of <em>Pediculus capitis </em>infestation, number of comb uses per day (p<0.05).</span><br /> <strong><em><span>Conclusion: </span></em></strong><span>The head lice infestation is a significant public health issue in primary school girls of Qom province. Risk factors associated with head louse among primary school girls were some demographic and socioeconomic factors. Improvement of these status and designing and implementing appropriate educational and preventive programs can be helpful for surveillance of infestation among primary school girls.</span>
Head lice infestation,Iran,Pediculosis,Primary school,Students
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10473.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10473_e377aa0cd69db9528f1069a5265caf0c.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
International Journal of Pediatrics
2345-5047
2345-5055
6
4
2018
04
01
Childbearing Motivation in Iranian Engaged Couples: A Structural Equation Model
7563
7568
EN
Masumeh
Ghazanfarpour
Evidence-Based Care Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
ghazanfarpm901@mums.ac.ir
Elham
Arghavani
MSc in Midwifery, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
abbasabi1349@yahoo.com
Talat
Khadivzadeh
Evidence-Based Care Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
tkhadivzadeh@yahoo.com
Masumeh
Saeidi
0000-0001-5601-9876
Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
saeidi.masumeh20@gmail.com
Hossein
Kareshki
Associate Professor of Educational Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
kareshki@um.ac.ir
Morvarid
Irani
0000 0002 8905 0965
Student Research Committee, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
irani.morvarid@gmail.com
Elahe
Heidari
0000-0001-6995-9779
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
heidarie@mums.ac.ir
Fatemeh
Rajab Dizavandi
Faculty Member, Department of Community Health and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
10.22038/ijp.2018.27375.2359
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em>Background: </em></strong>Childbearing is considered to be one of the main purposes of marriage in Iranian culture. The aim of this study was to assess relationships among age of marriage, religious and educational levels, participation of couples in childbearing and finical status with childbearing motivation using structural equation model.</span>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em>Materials and Methods: </em></strong>This study is a secondary analysis of previous data; 450 young couples attending four healthcare centers of Mashhad, Iran, included in this study. Sampling method was convenience sampling. Structural equation modeling was performed using AMOS version 19.0. Model was tested using maximum likelihood. Goodness of fit of the model was evaluated based on the Chi-square to degree of freedom ratio (χ<sup>2</sup>/df), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). </span>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>Mean age for women and men were 22.16±4.84 and 26.02±4.6 year-old, respectively. The result of our study showed that suggested childbearing motivation model was well fit with data (GFI=0.96; CFI=0.96; RMSEA=0.063, and χ<sup>2</sup>/df=4.51). Marriage age and educational level significantly negatively associated with childbearing motivation, respectively (standardized β =-0.082, p=0.018), and (standardized β= -0.222 and p<0.001). Religious level was positively significantly associated with positive motivation (standardized β =0.226 and p<0.001). Participation of couples in childbearing had a significantly strong positive motivation (standardized β=0.56 and p<0.001). The R-squared value for childbearing motivation model was 0.34.</span>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong>The findings indicated that the couple’s childbearing motivations were influenced by educational level, participation of couples in childbearing, marriage age and religious level. </span>
<br /> <span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL"> </span>
Childbearing,Couple,Iran,Structural equation model
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10317.html
https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10317_e0f93692b85eddb78a59695cc391be3c.pdf