International Journal of Pediatrics

Background: In the process of intubation, inappropriate placement of the endotracheal tube can lead to hypoxemia, aspiration, insufficient ventilation, atelectasis, barotrauma and pneumothorax. ... Read More Background: In the process of intubation, inappropriate placement of the endotracheal tube can lead to hypoxemia, aspiration, insufficient ventilation, atelectasis, barotrauma and pneumothorax. The above complications may be difficult for a patient with severe disease to tolerate; especially when inappropriate placement is not detected by the specialist in the initial evaluation and the diagnosis lasts until the confirmatory chest x-ray is performed. This study evaluated the validity of three formulas in measuring the depth of endotracheal intubation in children under mechanical ventilation.Methods: 60 intubated children aged 2 months to 12 years were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into three study groups. Endotracheal tube length for each patient was calculated on the basis of the endotracheal tube length formulas (12 + age (years) / 2; endotracheal tube diameter * 3; and 5 + height (cm) / 10). The ideal depth of the endotracheal tube based on chest x-ray was measured as the median distance between the first thoracic vertebra (T1) and the carina in cm. The distance between the ideal depth of the endotracheal tube and the end location of the endotracheal tube was also measured and recorded.Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.90 months and 58.3% of them were boys. The most common indication for intubation was pneumonia, along with respiratory distress (33.3%). Considering the difference in endotracheal tube depth between the two values calculated using the formula and chest X-ray equal to± 0.5 cm, formula 12 + (2 / age) in 55% of patients, formula 3 * endotracheal tube length in 70% patients and formula 5 + (10 / height) in 85% of patients, were correctly estimated endotracheal tube length. On the other hand, it was observed that in 15%, 45% and 40% of the patients, the formula predicted the correct length of the endotracheal tube for correct intubation without any difference while compared to the chest X-ray. In evaluating the results obtained from the formula and length of the endotracheal tube measured by chest X-ray, it was also observed that the formulas 12 + (2 / age), 3 * length of the endotracheal tube and 5 + (10 / height) were significantly correlated with CXR.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the formulas used to estimate the depth of endotracheal tube placement in children have low accuracies compared to the gold standard of measurement (chest X-ray). Of course, in comparison to the three formulas (height, weight and diameter of the ETT), the height formula was more accurate than others.

The Vertical Transmission in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Are Neonates at Risk? A Case Report in Iran

Sajad Nourolahi; Zahra Pournajaf; Ashraf Direkvand-Moghadam

Volume 9, Issue 10 , October 2021, , Pages 14618-14623

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2021.56184.4422

Abstract

Introduction: Although there was no evidence of vertical transmission at the beginning of the pandemic, this hypothesis has been strengthened over time and there is evidence to support ... Read More

Risk Factors for Neonatal Mortality at St Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Paul Ouedraogo; Nicaise Zagre; Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon; Abdoul Ouattara; Viviane Bissyande; Solange Ouedraogo/Yugbare; Jacques Simpore

Volume 8, Issue 2 , February 2020, , Pages 10817-10825

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2020.44524.3687

Abstract

Background: Neonatal mortality remains a public health concern in developing countries such as Burkina Faso. Improving the survival rate of newborns requires a good knowledge of the ... Read More

Validity of Peripheral Capillary Oxygen Saturation and Normal Mixed Venous Oxygen Tension in Measurement of O2 Content

Nemat Bilan; Elnaz Eskandartash

Volume 7, Issue 9 , September 2019, , Pages 10019-10027

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2019.41833.3522

Abstract

Background The change in venous oxygen saturation occurs earlier, and even its reduction is faster than arterial oxygen saturation. The aim of this study was to validate SvO2 and PvO2 ... Read More

Causes and Outcomes of Respiratory Distress in Neonates Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Be’sat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran

Mohammad Sabzehei; Behnaz Basiri; Maryam Shokouhi; Afshin Fayyazi

Volume 5, Issue 12 , December 2017, , Pages 6253-6260

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2017.25776.2198

Abstract

Background Neonatal respiratory distress is one the most common problems in the first few day of neonatal life. The present study intended to determine the frequency of the causes and ... Read More

The Effect of Non-nutritive Sucking on Transcutaneous Oxygen Saturation in Neonates under the Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

Mousa Ahmadpour-kacho; Yadollah Zahed Pasha; Zoya Hahdinejad; Soryia Khafri

Volume 5, Issue 3 , March 2017, , Pages 4511-4519

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2016.7498

Abstract

BackgroundSeveral beneficial effects of non-nutritive sucking in infants, including the physiological stability, relaxation, better transition from tube feeding to oral feeding have ... Read More

Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM) of Lung in an Infant: A Case Report from Jammu & Kashmir, Northern India

Sudesh Singh; Imran Gattoo; Sanjeev Digra; Saloni Bakshi

Volume 3, Issue 2.2 , April 2015, , Pages 481-484

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2015.4167

Abstract

Congenital cystic Adenomatoid malformation is a rare developmental abnormality of the lung occuring in 1-4/100000 live births.In most cases the outcome with CCAM in fetus is very good,while ... Read More

Diagnostic Utility of Chest X-rays in Neonatal Respiratory Distress: Determining the Sensitivity and Specificity

Hassan Mottaghi Moghadam shahri; Saied Naghibi; Elham Mahdavi; Gholamreza Khademi

Volume 2, Issue 4.2 , November 2014, , Pages 65-72

https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2014.3472

Abstract

Background: Chest radiography is one of the most usual diagnostic tools for respiratory distress. Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the specificity, sensitivity and ... Read More

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Keywords = Respiratory Distress

Validity of Three Formulas for Measuring Endotracheal Tube Insertion Depth in Children under Mechanical Ventilation

Abstract

The Vertical Transmission in the Covid-19 Pandemic. Are Neonates at Risk? A Case Report in Iran

Abstract

Risk Factors for Neonatal Mortality at St Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Abstract

Validity of Peripheral Capillary Oxygen Saturation and Normal Mixed Venous Oxygen Tension in Measurement of O2 Content

Abstract

Causes and Outcomes of Respiratory Distress in Neonates Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Be’sat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

The Effect of Non-nutritive Sucking on Transcutaneous Oxygen Saturation in Neonates under the Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

Abstract

Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM) of Lung in an Infant: A Case Report from Jammu & Kashmir, Northern India

Abstract

Diagnostic Utility of Chest X-rays in Neonatal Respiratory Distress: Determining the Sensitivity and Specificity

Abstract